VEINS



•CAPILLARIES, SINUSOIDS, POSTCAPILLARY VENULES
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•VENULES, VEINS
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•TUNICA INTIMA, MEDIA, ADVENTITIA
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•VASA VASORUM, SYMPATHETIC AND AFFERENT NERVES
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•VALVES, SINUS
•PHLEBOGRAPHY
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•VENAE COMITANTES
118

PHLEBOGRAPHY
(VENOGRAPHY)


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V. JUGULARIS INT.


V. JUGULARIS INT.

 - vv. pharyngeae
 - v. facialis
 - v. lingualis
 - v. thyroidea sup.
(tr. thyrolingualis,
tr. thyrolinguofacialis)
 - v. thyroidea media
 - v. retromandibularis (35%)

V. RETROMANDIBULARIS
 - v. temporalis spf.
 - v. maxillaris
 - v. temporalis media
 - v. transversa faciei

V. FACIALIS
- v. angularis
- v. prof. faciei
- v. palatina ext.

PLEXUS PTERYGOIDEUS
 - v. alveolaris inf. et sup.
 - v. sphenopalatina
 - vv. palatinae

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V. JUGULARIS EXT.
 - v. retromandibularis
 - v. auricularis post.
 - v. occipitalis
 - v. jugularis ant.
 arcus venosus juguli
 (- v. mediana colli)
 - v. transversa colli
 - v. suprascapularis

Rete digitale dorsale – vv. metacarpales dorsales – rete
venosum dorsale manus (rete venosum palmare manus –
vv. intercapitulares)
v. basilica antebrachii (hiatus basilicus) – v. basilica
v. cephalica antebrachii – v. cephalica

V. mediana cubiti
V. mediana antebrachii – v. mediana cephalica et basilica


V. AXILLARIS
 - v. basilica
 - vv. brachiales (deep veins)
 - vv. thoracoepigastricae
 - v. cephalica
Trig. clavipectorale
        (deltoideopectorale)

V. SUBCLAVIA
 - v. axillaris
 - vv. pectorales
 - v. scapularis dorsalis

V. BRACHIOCEPHALICA
 - v. jugularis int.
 - v. subclavia
(angulus venosus)
 - v. jugularis ext.
 - vv. thyroideae inf.
   (v. thyroidea ima)
 - vv. thymicae
 - vv. tracheales
 - vv. mediastinales
 - vv. bronchiales
 - vv. pericardiacae
 - v. vertebralis
 - v. thoracica int.
 - 1st v. intercostalis post.
 - v. intercostalis sup. sin.

V. CAVA SUP.
   - v. brachiocephalica dx. et sin.
   - v. azygos

V. AZYGOS
 - v. lumbalis ascendens dx. + v. subcostalis dx.
         (vv. lumbales dx.)
 - v. phrenica sup. dx.
 - vv. intercostales post. dx. (5th – 11th)
 - v. intercostalis suprema dx. (2nd – 4th)
 - v. hemiazygos
 - vv. oesophageales, bronchiales,
                                mediastinales

V. HEMIAZYGOS
- v. lumbalis ascendens sin. + v. subcostalis sin.
        (vv. lumbales sin.)
- v. phrenica sup. sin.
- vv. intercostales post. sin.
    (9th-11th)
- v. hemiazygos accessoria
        (vv. intercostales post. sin.
          5th – 8th)
- vv. oesophageae
- vv. bronchiales,
- vv. mediastinales

Vv. digitales dorsales – vv. metatarseae dorsales – arcus
venosus dorsalis (rete venosum dorsale pedis)
arcus venosus plantaris (rete venosum plantare pedis)
– vv. intercapitulares
v. marginalis med. – v. saphena magna
v. marginalis lat. – v. saphena parva (v. femoropoplitea)




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119
 femur
v. saphena magna

V. SAPHENA MAGNA
 - v. saphena accessoria
 - v. epigastrica spf.
 - v. circumflexa ilium spf.
 - vv. pudendae ext.
vv. perforantes

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V. ILIACA INTERNA
 - plexus venosus vesicalis – vv. vesicales
 - plexus venosus prostaticus – v. dorsalis penis prof.
 - plexus venosus vaginalis – v. dorsalis clitoridis prof.,
 - plexus venosus uterinus – vv. uterinae
 - plexus venosus rectalis – v. rectalis sup., media, inf.
 - plexus venosus sacralis – vv. sacrales lat.

V. ILIACA COMMUNIS
 - v. iliaca ext - v. femoralis
                       - v. epigastrica inf.
                       - v. circumflexa ilium prof.
 - v. iliaca int.

V. CAVA INF.
 - v. iliaca communis dx. et sin.
 - vv. lumbales
 - vv. phrenicae inf.
 - v. sacralis mediana
 - v. testicularis dx.
 (- v. ovarica dx.)
 - vv. renales
 - v. suprarenalis dx.
 - vv. hepaticae

V. PORTAE
 - vv. cysticae
 - v. gastrica sin.
 - v. gastrica dx.
 - v. mesenterica sup.
      - vv. pancreaticoduodenales
      - vv. pancreaticae
      - v. gastroomentalis dx.
      - vv. jejunales et ileales
      - v. ileocolica
      - v. colica dx. et media
 - v. splenica/lienalis
      - vv. gastricae breves
      - v. gastroomentalis sin.
      - vv. pancreaticae
      - v. mesenterica inf.
            - v. colica sin., vv. sigmoideae,
               v. rectalis sup.

PORTAL-CAVAL / PORTAL-SYSTEMIC
ANASTOMOSES
1.Vv. gastricae – vv. oesophageae
2.Vv. paraumbilicales
    (caput Medusae, Burrow’s veins)
3.Plexus rectalis - hemorrhoids
4.Retzius’ veins
5.Vv. hepaticae – vv. phrenicae

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Caput medusae



FETAL CIRCULATION
 - v. umbilicalis – lig. teres hepatis
 - ductus venosus – lig. venosum
 - foramen ovale – fossa ovalis
 - ductus arteriosus – lig. arteriosum
 - aa. umbilicales – ligg. umbilicalia lat.

Illustrations were copied from:
Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta.
Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München:
Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993)
Čihák R: Anatomie 2 (Splanchnologia). Avicenum,
zdravotnické nakladatelství, Praha, 1988.