paleocortex, archicortex (allocortex) – neurons in 3-5 layers
neocortex (isocortex) – neurons in 6 layers
peripaleocortex et periarchicortex = mesocortex
TELENCEPHALIC CORTEX - NOMENCLATURE

Hemisfera obr32



hemdorsnew obr31



frnx%20med3 obr34



obr33



obr37



obr38



TelenCortexBar
LOCATION OF MAIN FUNCTIONAL REGIONS OF TELENCEPHALIC CORTEX
somatosenzory and senzory
motor
cortex of limbic forebrain
association cortex

Kopie cor4 Kopie cor4
a43


CORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - I
Broca‘s (motor) cortical area - g. front. inf. a44, 45
for right-hander in L-hemisphere, for left-hander in R-hemisphere
Wernicke‘s (sensory) cortical area - a 22,39,40 in dominant hemi-
  sphere

CORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - II
TelenCortexRec


TelenFornixAmygd
A SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF 3D ARRANGEMENT OF SOME
TELENCEFALIC STRUCTURES

obr59 obr60



obr68



BG8



Limbic system – classic conception
Papez‘s circuit (James Papez 1939)
without specific function
ncl. anterior
thalami
gyrus parahippocampalis
hippocampus
ncl. mamillaris
tr. mammilo-thalamicus
fornix

RECENT CONCEPTION OF LIMBIC FOREBRAIN
•  basomedial telencephalon, structures of diencephalon and
   mesencephalon for emotion and motivation of our behavior
Regular structures
• g. cinguli, g. parahippocampalis, hippocampus, insular cortex
• area septalis, amygdalar ncll., hypothalamus (ncl. mammillaris)
• neocortical regions of forebrain - basal frontotemporal regions,
       orbital cortex, ventral striatum (pallidum)

• ncl. anterior et medialis dorsalis thalami
• habenulla

přední část g. parahippocampalis – entorhinální kortex – příjem kognitivních a senzorických
informací z asociačních kortikálních oblastí, přenáší tyto informace do hipp. pro konsolidaci a pak
vrací zpět do asociačního kortexu, kde dochází ke kodování ve formě paměťových stop
hippokampální formace – subiculum, vlatní hippocampus, gyrus dentatus, jednotlivé sektory se
označují jako cornu ammonis
fornix – přímé pokračování fibria, která přijímají axony ze subicula a hippocampu, vedou do
předního hypothalamu, ncl mammillaris
bilat. poškození hippokampu – ztráta deklarativní paměti, procedurální je zachována

Papez
Limbic system – classic conception
Papez‘s circuit (James Papez 1939)

Limbic1
memory of
listening to music
notion of fear
notion of tooth pain

MDN- ncl. dorsomedialis

amygdala2 amygdala
AMYGDALAR NUCLEI


SeptalNcl



ncl. caudatus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrum and amygdalar ncll.
functional: + thalamus, substantia nigra and ncl. subthalamicus
ncl. caudatus + putamen = neostriatum (striatum)
globus pallidus (ext. + int. segment) = paleostriatum (pallidum)
globus pallidus + putamen = ncl. lentiformis
BASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURES

Basal ganglia
striatum (neostriatum)
ncl. caudatus
putamen
ncl. accumbens
dorsal striatum
ventral striatum
globus pallidus
(pallidum, paleostriatum)
med. (internal) seg.
lat. (external) seg.
dorsal pallidum
ventral pallidum
substantia nigra
ncl. subthalamicus
pars compacta
pars reticularis
BASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURES

Kopie fig12
VENTRAL PALIDUM AND
VENTRAL STRIATUM

SUBSTANTIA INNOMINATA a NCL. ACCUMBENS
BG2


AccumbDrogy NclAccumbDrogy



WHITE MATTER OF TELENCEPHALON
Pathways - associated, projection and commissural
ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS  -  interconnections of various cortical regions
fasciculus longitudinalis superior
fasciculus longitudinalis inferior
fasciculus uncinatus
fasciculi occipitales verticales
cingulum
image751
fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior




Projection pathways
Short projection pathways
Long projection pathways - capsula interna
crus anterius, genu et crus posterius capsulae internae

crus anterius – anterior tr. thalamo-corticalis and tr. fronto-pontinus

genu - tr. cortico-nuclearis, from area 4 to contralateral motoneurons of cranial nerves
crus posterius - tr. cortico-spinalis (somatotopic arrangement), tr. cortico-reticularis
                         and tr. cortico-rubralis, posterior tr. thalamo-corticalis (somatosenzory
           information to parietal cortex), tr. parieto- , temporo-, occipito-pontinus,
                         radiatio optica, radiatio acustica
CAPSULA INTERNA

capsula