MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION (unit 10) 1) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN MEDICAL PRECRIPTIONS a) VERBAL FORMS abbreviation full form translation add. adde/addatur/addantur add/it should be added/they should be added d. s. da signa/detur signetur give and sign/it should be given and signed d./dent. da/detur/dentur give/it should be given/they should be given d./div. divide/dividatur divide/it should be divided div. in dos. aeq. divide in doses aequales divide in equal doses d. t. d. dentur tales doses such doses should be given disp. dispensa/dispensetur divide, distribute/it should be divided, distributed f. fiat/fiant it should be made/they should be made m. misce/misceatur it should be mixed/they should be mixed m. f. misce fiat/misce fiant mix, it should be made/mix, they should be made rep. repete/repetatur repeat/it should be repeated rp. recipe take s./sig. signa/signetur sign/it should be signed solv. solve dissolve sterilis. sterilisetur it should be sterilised ut f. ut fiat… in order to make... (sth) b) FORMS OF MEDICATIONS abbreviation full form translation caps. capsula/capsulae capsule/capsules comp. compositus, a, um composed of more constituents conc. concentratus, a, um concentrated decoct. decoctum decoction drg. dragées dragee, coated pill empl. emplastrum sticking-plaster extr. extr. fluid. extr. sicc. /exsicc. extr. spiss. extractum extractum fluidum extractum siccum/exsiccatum extractum spissum extract liquid extract dry/dried extract thick, dense extract garg. gargarisma gargle gtt./gutt. guttae drops gossyp. gossypium cotton wool herb. herba plant, herb inj. inj. i. c. inj. i. m. inj. i. v. inj. subcut. injectio injectio intracutanea injectio intramuscularis injectio intravenosa injectio subcutanea injection injection into the skin injection into the muscle injection into the vein injection under the skin linim. linimentum liniment mixt. mixtura mixture ol. oleum oil pulv./plv. pulv. adsp. pulv. div. pulvis/pulveres pulvis adspersorius pulveres divisi powder/powders dusting powder divided powders sol. solutio/solubilis/solutus solution/dissolvable/dissolved spec. species mixture of dried plants, tea succ. succus juice, draught supp. suppositorium/suppositoria suppository susp. suspensio suspension tbl. tbl. efferv. tbl. obd. tabulettae tabulettae effervescentes tabulettae obductae tablets effervescent tablets coated tablets ung. unguentum ointment b) OTHER INSTRUCTIONS concerning dosage, storage, etc. abbreviation full form translation aa ana (partes aequales) in equal quantities ad amp. ad ampullam into ampule ad caps. ad capsulam/as into capsule/s ad ch (art). (cer.) ad chartam ceratam into waxed sachet ad lag. ad lagoenam into bottle ad man. med. ad manus medici into the hands of doctor ad oll. ad ollam into gallipot ad scat. ad scatulam/as into box/es ad us. ext. ad usum externum for external use ad us. int. ad usum internum for internal use ad vitr. ad vitrum into glass aliq. aliquot a little of aq. aq. pro inj. aq. purif. aq. steril. aqua aqua pro injectione aqua purificata aqua sterilisata water water for injection purified water sterilized water cochl. mag./parv. cochlear magnum/parvum table-/teaspoon c. cum with ctr. contra against d. dies, ei, m. day dupl. duplex double exp. orig. expeditio originalis/expeditiones originales original packaging (sg./pl.) fort. fortis strong fortiss. fortissimus the strongest guttator. guttatorium drop-glass, dropper h. hora, ae, f hour l. a./leg. art. lege artis according to the rules of medicine m. p. manu propria (signed) with one's own hand no. numero in number p. d. pro dosi per dose p. die pro die per day p. o. peroralis/perorales peroral (taken through mouth) pro adult. pro adultis for adults pro inf. pro infantibus for children q. s. quantum satis as much as it is necessary simpl. simplex simple spir(it). spiritus spirit, grain alcohol tot. totus, a, um all, whole 2) FORMS OF PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS AND AGENTS capsula (e.g. mollis/enterosolvens = soft/dissolvable in gastrointestinal tract) = capsule fascia (e.g. hydrophila) = tightening bandage lana = cotton wool granulum (e.g. effervescens) = granulated powder charta = paper ligamentum = bandage pulvis (e.g. nasalis/adspersorius) = powder species = mixtures to make tea tabuletta (e.g. obducta) = tablet tela (e.g. hydrophila)= gauze filum (e.g. sterile) = thread emplastrum = sticking-plaster globulus (e.g vaginalis) = globule, ball unguentum = ointment pasta (e.g. dentrifricia = tooth-) = paste sapo, onis, m. (e.g. kalinus = potassium) = soap stylus (e.g. nasalis) = stick suppositorium (e.g. rectale) = suppository vaselinum (e.g. flavum/purum) = vaseline cremor (e.g. refrigerans = cooling) = cream guttae (e.g. oculoguttae) = drops decoctum = decoction infusio (e.g. sodii chloridi) = infusion oleum = oil tinctura (e.g. opii = of opium) = alcoholic solution made from plants spuma (e.g. dermalis) = foam 3) PARTS OF PLANTS USED IN PHARMACOLOGY flos, ris, m. (e.g. tiliae, sumbuci) = flowers folium, ii, n. (e.g. menthae, salviae) = leaves fructus, us, m. (e.g. foeniculi) = fruit herba, ae, f. (e.g.absynthii, thymi) = herbs, tops of plants lignum, i, n. (e.g. cinammi) = wood radix, cis, f. (e.g. liquiritiae) = roots resina, ae, f. (e.g. cannabis) = resin semen, inis, n. (e.g. arnicae) = seeds succus, i, m. (e.g. belladonnae) = draught, juice Match the pictures with the terms above: http://frugallysustainable.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/0011.jpg http://guideimg.alibaba.com/images/shop/86/11/07/4/combo-pack-2-3-4-elastic-bandages-body-wrap-ankl e-wrist-foot-sports-first-aid_284724.jpg http://i72.photobucket.com/albums/i196/lashopaholic/bigstockphoto_Baby_Powder_286429.jpg https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS-0z1eUJQVCBXwSNHUenlvpEpxm41ES9cCvmi3rhkNXga eph1M http://www.mcfarlanemedical.com.au/productimages/18008SM.jpg http://img.ceskatelevize.cz/program/porady/10614805433/recepty/v_2014.jpg http://skinwhiteningforeversecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/skin-whitening-forever-93.jpg http://a876.g.akamai.net/7/876/1448/v00001/images.medscape.com/pi/features/drugdirectory/octupdate/ ROX46500.jpg http://www.biooo.cz/images/magazine/pena-dni-nejjemnejsi-odliceni.jpg http://www.coatsindustrial.com/en/images/Medical%20Supplies-%20Sutures_tcm35-6083.jpg http://patricinhaesperta.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/medicamento-capsula.jpg https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2013/03/01/19/23/absorbent-88257_960_720.jpg http://braunoviny.bbraun.cz/sites/default/files/Tema/2009/mezinarodni-neintervencni-poregistracni-s tudie-bezpecnosti/ecoflac-ecobag.jpg http://worthsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/iStock_000000219364XSmall.jpg http://images.ddccdn.com/images/pills/custom/pill18909-1/progesterone.jpg http://img.blesk.cz/img/1/gallery/1308084_vazelina-kosmetika-kuze.jpg http://ic10.ecvv.com/upload/Product/200801/200x200/20053261618023144831_hydrophile_bandage.jpg http://1000yardstare.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/image12.jpg http://www.bunkermilitaria.com/WEBSITE-20110902/8421_01.JPG http://i264.photobucket.com/albums/ii167/ynnek85/soap.jpg http://www.jantraindonesia.com/eng/images/stories/Gauze%20Pad.JPG http://empilszn.com/template/images/prod_granuly.jpg http://images.medscape.com/pi/features/drugdirectory/octupdate/A7226120.jpg http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/147789/file-516497281-jpg/images/eye_drops.jpg https://thenerdyfarmwife.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ginger-tincture-in-glass-bottle-928x1024.jp g 4) PARTS OF THE PRESCRIPTION The prescription consists of seven parts. Their Latin names are: a) INSCRIPTIO The name and the surname of the doctor, the hospital, clinic or polyclinic medical center, their address, and the date. The date is important from the standpoint of ascertaining for determining the life of the prescription.The prescription of narcotics and controlled substances are governed by special laws and regulations. b) NOMEN AEGROTI Name, address and age of the patient. This part serves to identify for whom the prescription is intended. The full name and the address are required by law on all prescriptions for controlled substances. The age of the patient is a good additional piece of information, especially with pediatric pаtients where dosage calculations have to be double-checked for safety. This part may be located on the designated area, or after the last drug on the back of the form. c) INVOCATIO Consists of the message to the chemist/pharmacist, and it includes only the expression Rp./ – an abbreviation for Recipe, the Latin for Get! (Take) d) ORDINATIO This is the main part of the medical prescription, because this is the doctor’s order. Here are the names of medicinal substances, the medicinal forms, and the dosages (in case of individually prepared medicines) or brand name (in case of ready-made preparations). The medicinal substances are required to begin with a capital letter and to be in the genitive case. Brand names are also written with the capital letter, but these are not inflected and are written as seen in the original packaging. The dosage is noted after the substance or medicinal form using metric units (grams) and Arabic decimal numerals (individually prepared medicines, when read aloud, these should be in accusative case) or number of original packages (ready-made medicines) is given in Roman numerals and full word in the brackets (it is also accusative case). e) SUBSCRIPTIO In this part are written, if necessary, instructions to the chemist on how to make the preparation and the number of doses, or medicinal forms to be supplied to the patient. f) SIGNATURA Notes are written in Czech. The signature is the message intended for the patient. It provides instructions as to how the medicine should be taken by the patient. This information must be sufficient to allow the patient to understand fully the amount of the drug product to be taken and the frequency and manner of administration: if the drug has to be used externally only, or to be shaken well before use, or whether it is a poison, and other such facts are included. g) NOMEN MEDICI The signature of the doctor may be placed on the designated area, or after the last drug, and this is for identification data. CZECH MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION 5) PRESCRIPTION TYPES Prescriptions can be classified as individually prepared and ready-made. a) Individually prepared medication, also called magistraliter (from Latin word magister – teacher) is an order that requires mixing of one or more ingredients (active medicaments) with one or more pharmaceutical necessities (vehicle, suspending agent). The physician selects the drugs, doses, and pharmaceutical form that he/she desires and the pharmacist prepares the medication accordingly. The name of each drug is placed on a separate line right under the preceding one. The order of ingredients is as follows: Remedium cardinale (basis). The basis is the principal drug and gives the prescription its chief action. Remedium adjuvans (adjuvant). As the name suggests, the adjuvant is a drug that aids or increases the action of the principal ingredient. Remedium corrigens (corrective). The corrective modifies or corrects undesirable effects of the basic or adjuvant. Remedium constituens (vehicle). The vehicle is the agent used as a solvent in the solution, to increase the size and volume, or to dilute the mixture. The most potent or principal drug is written first, the other ingredient second, and the vehicle last, as shown in the example. E.g.: Invocatio: Rp./ (= Recipe = take) Ordinatio: Natrii bromati (bromatis) 6,0 Rem. basis Phenobarbitali 0,6 Rem. adjuvans Sirupi Menthae 60,0 Rem. corrigens Aquae destillatae ad 300,0 Rem. constituens Subscriptio: M. f. mixt. (=Misce fiat mixtura = Mix to obtain mixture). Signatura: D. S. (= Da. Signa. = Give. Sign.) Jedna lžička třikrát denně po jídle. (= One tablespoon 3 times a day after meal). b) Ready-made medication, or specialitas, does not require mixing of two or more ingredients to obtain a finished product. A precompounded order consists of a drug or a mixture of drugs supplied by a pharmaceutical company by its official or proprietary name and, if it contains more than one substance, the specific ingredients do not have to be listed. Usually, it contains abbreviation Exp. orig. (= Expeditio originalis = original package). E.g.: Invocatio: Rp./ (= Recipe = take) Ordinatio: Ospamox 750 mg tbl. (= tabulettas) Exp. orig. No. II.(= expeditiones originales numero duas = two originaL packages) Signatura: D. S. (= Da. Signa. = Give. Sign) Jedna tableta každých 12 hodin /po dobu dvou týdnů/ (= One tablet every 12 hours /for two weeks/). SOME EXAMPLES OF MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS analgeticum + antipyreticum diureticum Textové pole: Rp. Acidi acetylsalicylici Paracetamoli aa 0,3 Codeinii dihydrogenphosphorici 0,02 Coffeini cum natrio benzoico 0,1 Magnesii oxydati 0,05 M. f. pulv. D. t. d. No. XX (viginti) ad caps. S. 3krát denně 1 prášek. Textové pole: Rp. Aminophyllini 1,8 Olei cacao q. s. ut f. supp. D. t. d. No. VI (sex) S. 2krát denně zavést 1 čípek do konečníku. antimycoticum Rp. Ureae 40,0 Acidi lactici 1,0 Ung. lanalcoli 20,0 Cerae albae 5,0 Vaselini albi ad 100,0 M. f. ung. Týden používat v okluzním obvazu na nehty před aplikací antimykotik. antacidum Textové pole: Rp. Extracti belladonnae sicci 0,4 Papaverinii chlorati 1,0 Magnesii oxydati 20,0 M. f. pulv. Div. in dos. aeq. No. XX (viginti) ad caps. D. S. 3krát denně 1 prášek mezi dvěma jídly. urologicum antidotum Textové pole: Rp. Herbae equiseti Folii uvae ursi aa 15,0 Herbae herniariae Radicis levistici aa 20,0 Folii betulae 30,0 M. f. spec. D. S. 1 lžíce na šálek nálevu. Denně vypít 3 – 4 šálky. Textové pole: Rp. Carbonis adsorbentis 30,0 Magnesii sulfurici (seu Natrii sulfurici) 15,0 Aquae purificatae ad 300,0 M. f. susp. D. S. Cum formula. Pro medico. Po ukončení výplachu vstříknout do žaludku. gynaecologicum antibioticum Textové pole: Rp. Framykoin plv. ads. 1 x 20 gm Exp. orig. No. II (duas) D. S. Aplikovat 2krát denně na postižená místa po dobu 10 dnů. Textové pole: Rp. Acidi borici pulv. 100,0 D. ad scat. S. Jednu lžíci na litr teplé vody k výplachům. myorelaxans immunostimulans Textové pole: Rp. Imunor p. o. 4 x 10 mg Exp. orig. No. I (unam) D. S. Dle rozpisu. Rp. Mydocalm 150 mg tbl. p. o. 30 x 150 mg Exp. orig. No. III (tres) D. S. 3krát 1 tableta denně. antidepresivum hypnoticum Textové pole: Rp. Asentra 50 tbl. p. o. 28 x 50 mg Exp. orig. No. IV (quattuor) D. S. 2 tablety denně. Rp. Amobarbitali 0,15 Codeinii dihydrogenphosphorici 0,03 Aminophenazoni 0,25 Olei cacao q. s. ut f. supp. D. t. dos. No VI (sex) S. Na noc zavést 1 čípek.