RESPIRATORY SYSTEM II.
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT, LUNGS





TRACHEA
-pars cervicalis
-pars thoracica
-bifurcatio tracheae
- carina tracheae
-15-20 cartilagines tracheales
-ligg. anularia
-paries membranaceus
 (m. trachealis)
- glandulae tracheales

M. sternohyoideus
M. sternothyroideus
Lamina pretrachealis fasciae colli

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TRACHEA
-isthmus glandulae thyroideae
-vv. thyroideae inferiores
-a. carotis communis
-v. jugularis int.
-n. vagus
-oesophagus
-n. laryngeus recurrens
-truncus brachiocephalicus
-v. cava sup.
-v. brachiocephalica sinistra
-arcus aortae
-




CONIOTOMIA (CRICOTHYROTOMIA)
TRACHEOTOMIA SUPERIOR
TRACHEOTOMIA INFERIOR

INFERIOR TRACHOTOMY
-vv. thyroideae inferiores
-a. thyroidea ima
-v. jugularis int.
- v. brachiocephalica sinistra
- arcus venosus juguli
- pleura
- thymus
-
 TRACHEOSTOMY
Aa. tracheales (aorta, a. thyr.inf.)
V. brachiocephalica sin.
Nll. tracheales, tracheobronchiales
Truncus sympathicus, parasymp. – CN X
-

GLANDULA THYROIDEA – lobus dexter
                                            - lobus sinister
                                            - isthmus
                                            - lobus
                                              pyramidalis




Capsula propria, folliculi, colloid – thyroid hormone, calcitonin
Fascia externa s. perithyroidea
A. et v. thyroidea sup. et inf., a. thyroidea ima,
nll. cervicales prof., nll. paratracheales

GLANDULAE PARATHYROIDEAE –sup. et inf.
Parathormone (parathyroid hormone; PTH)


BRONCHI
-principales
-lobares
-segmentales
Arbor bronchialis

PULMO DEXTER
lobus superior
           medius
           inferior
fissura obliqua
fissura horizontalis
PULMO SINISTER
         lobus superior
                    inferior
         fissura obliqua
         incisura cardiaca
lingula pulmonis sinistri
apex pulmonis
basis pulmonis
(facies diaphragmatica)
facies costalis
margo anterior
            inferior
            posterior

FACIES MEDIASTINALIS
    hillum pulmonis
    radix pulmonis
    lig. pulmonale
 sulcus a. subclaviae
sulcus costae primae
 sulcus oesophageus
 impressio cardiaca
sulcus v. cavae sup.
sulcus v. azygos
sulcus aorticus

SEGMENTA BRONCHOPULMONALIA DEXTRA
1.s. apicale          4. s. laterale        6. s. apicale
2.s. posterius      5. s. mediale       7. s. basale mediale
3.s. anterius                                     8. s. basale anterius
                                                           9. s. basale laterale
                                                          10. s. basale posterius

SEGMENTA BRONCHOPULMONALIA SINISTRA
1+2. s. apicoposterius                     6. s. apicale
3. s. anterius                                     (7. s. basale mediale)
4. s. lingulare superius                    8. s. basale anterius
5. s. lingulare inferius                      9. s. basale laterale
                                                          10. s. basale posterius

Bronchioli terminales
Bronchioli respiratorii
Ductuli alveolares
Sacculi alveolares
Alveoli pulmonis
Asthma bronchiale

Truncus pulmonalis ® a. pulmonalis dx. et sin.
Vv. pulmonales ® atrium sinistrum
Aorta thoracica ® aa. bronchiales
Vv. bronchiales ® v. azygos, v. hemiazygos accessoria




PLEURA - visceralis
                - parietalis - costalis
                                   - diaphragmatica
                                   - mediastinalis
   Cavitas pleuralis
   Cupula pleurae – lig. scaleno-,vertebro-, costopleurale
Recessus pleurae:
r. costodiaphragmaticus
r. costomediastinalis
r. phrenicomediastinalis
Pneumothorax

Area interpleuralis sup. (thymica)
Area interpleuralis inf. (pericardiaca)








EXPIRATION
INSPIRATION


MEDIASTINUM
- superius
- inferius - anterius
                - medium
                - posterius
mediastinum




THYMUS



MUSCULI THORACIS



EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
M. pectoralis major
M.pectoralis minor
M. subclavius
M. serratus ant.




M. sternalis



INTRINSIC MUSCLES
M. intercostales externi
M. intercostales interni
M. intercostales intimi
M. subcostales




M. transversus thoracis



DIAPHRAGM
Centrum tendineum
   - foramen VCI
Pars sternalis
Pars costalis
Pars lumbalis
   - crus dextrum
   - crus sinistrum
   - lig. arcuatum medianum
   - lig. arcuatum mediale
   - lig. arcuatum lat.

Hiatus esophageus
Hiatus aorticus





Illustrations and photographs were copied from:
Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta.
Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München:
Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993
Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy.
Windows Version 2.0