Fractures Authentic medical reports 1.png Fractura pathologica Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 16.51.33.png Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 16.55.17.png Myeloma Fractura traumatica Fractura aperta/clausa Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 16.56.46.png Infractio = f. partialis = f. incompleta Fractura simplex/multiplex Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 16.58.18.png Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 17.05.48.png Fractura comminutiva Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 17.03.59.png Fractura transversa/obliqua Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 17.12.33.png Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 17.12.48.png Fractura spiralis/longitudinalis Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 17.13.12.png Fractura compressiva/impressiva Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 17.17.32.png Fractura incuneata sternum fracture.png Toto by snáď mohlo byť ok? Fractura cum dislocatione Snímka obrazovky 2014-02-10 o 19.13.25.png ad axim ad latus ad longitudinem cum contractione ad longitudinem cum distractione 1 •A 45-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of generalized body pains nonresponsive to analgesic agents. Along with low back pain, she had progressive difficulty in getting up from sitting and supine positions and in walking. There was no history of trauma or any medication intake. She is an orthodox believer who wears a black veil outdoors and is completely covered, with little exposure to the sun. An anteroposterior radio-graph of the pelvis showed an undisplaced transverse fracture of the shaft of both femurs. The patient was treated with therapeutic doses of calcium and vitamin D supplements. shaft fracture.png 2 •An 18-year-old slightly intoxicated man was assaulted with a glass bottle on the left parietal region of his head and had a 5-minute loss of consciousness. Two hours after the injury he was presented to a local emergency with severe headache, nausea, and repeated vomiting. Computed tomography of the head revealed a 2.5-cm epidural hematoma in the left parietal region (Panels A and B) underlying a linear nondisplaced skull fracture (Panel C, arrows). Hematoma.png Name the type of fracture A B C D E F A, pathologica B, spiralis C, infractio, incompleta D, obliqua E, aperta/complicata F, comminutiva Authentic reports :1 Ukážka 2.png Fr. aperta TSCHERNE I - open fracture with small skin injury without its contusion - negligible bacterial contamination Profesor Dr. Harald Tscherne (1933), Traumatology Clinic, Hannover: Classification of fractures published in 1982, T. divides fracture into open and closed. The most important is for him the degree of the soft tissues damage. Authentic reports : 2 AO1.png AO3.png S 4220 Fractura colli chirurgici humeri l. dx. comminutiva AO 1.1-C3 AO Classification of fractures první číslo – vyjadřuje postiženou kost (1 humerus, 2 předloketní kosti, 3 femur, 4 bérec, 5 páteř, 6 pánev, 7 ruka 8 noha) -druhý údaj – určuje segment kosti (u dlouhých kostí – 1 prox.epimetafýza, 2 diafýza, 3 distální epimetafýza) - třetí údaj ukazuje typ zlomeniny – A-C, u každé části je konkrétní Fracture Healing: 1: REPOSITIO = REDUCTIO fragmentorum –CLOSED (short /long term) – 8.png 3.png is a medical procedure to restore fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. This sense of the term "reduction" does not imply any sort of removal or quantitative decrease but rather implies a restoration: re ("back [to normal]") + ducere ("lead"/"bring"), i.e., "bringing back to normal." Use of plates, screws, and wires was first documented in the 1880s and 1890s. Early surgical fixation initially was complicated by many obstacles, such as infection, poorly conceived implants and techniques, metal allergy, and a limited understanding of the biology and mechanics of fracture healing.[1] During the 1950s, Danis and Muller began to define the principles and techniques of internal fixation. Fracture Healing: 2: FIXATIO = STABILISATIO fragmentorum 11.png (mechanical stability) intramedullar rods/ Internal plates and screws ESIN •INTERNAL FIXATION Fracture Healing: 2: FIXATIO = STABILISATIO fragmentorum 10 Internal plates.png Fracture Healing: 2: FIXATIO = STABILISATIO fragmentorum 9 (Kirschner wire).png 6.png Snímka obrazovky 2014-03-25 o 0.23.04.png Kirschner 3 2.png •A 21-year-old man •presented after being •struck with a gun on •his right lower jaw. •Examination revealed •displacement of the •left half of his mandible with malocclusion on biting (Panel A). Computed tomography showed a fracture of the left mandible and a fracture of the right mandibular body and angle (Panel B). Given the U shape of the mandible, it is common for contralateral fractures to result from major injury. Intravenous analgesics and antibiotics were given; the patient underwent open reduction with internal fixation of his fractures. Literature •Mazánek, J.: Traumatologie orofaciální oblasti. Praha : Grada, p. 24 • •http://radiologymasterclass.co.uk •http://nejm.org (The New England Journal of Medicine)