Flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a technology that measures and then analyses multiple physical characteristics of single p_ _ _ _ _
_ _ _s, usually cells, as they flow in a f_ _ _d stream through a b_ _m of light. The properties measured include a
particles’ relative size, relative g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _y or internal c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _y, and relative f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _e
intensity. These characteristics are determined using an optical-to-electronic coupling system. This system records
how the cell or particle s_ _ _ _ _ _s laser light and e_ _ _s fluorescence.
A flow cytometer is made up of three main systems: fluidics, optics and
electronics.
The fluidics system transports particles in a stream to the laser beam
for interrogation.
The optics system consists of lasers to i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _e the particles in
the sample stream and optical filters to direct the resulting light signals
to the a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _e detectors.
The electronics system c_ _ _ _ _ _s the detected light signals into
electronic signals. These signals can then be p_ _ _ _ _ _ _d by the
computer.
In the flow cytometer, particles are carried to the laser intercept in a fluid stream. Any suspended particle or cell
from 0.2-150 micrometers in size is suitable for analysis. The portion of the fluid stream where particles are located
is called the sample core. When particles pass through the laser intercept, they scatter laser light. Any fluorescent
molecules present on the particle fluoresce. The scattered and fluorescent light is collected by appropriately
positioned l_ _ _ _s. A combination of beam splitters and filters brings the scattered and fluorescent light to the
appropriate detectors. The detectors produce electronic signals. These signals correspond with the optical signals
striking the detectors.
Questions:
Source: http://www.d.umn.edu/~biomed/flowcytometry/introflowcytometry.pdf
a r t i c
l e l u i ea
r a n u l a r i t o m pl e x i t l u o r e s c e n c
c a t t e r mi t
l l u m i n a t
p p r o p r i a t
h a n g e
r o c e s s e
e n s e
relative size, granularity or internal complexity, relative fluorescence intensity
a laser
fluidics, optics, and electronics
sample core
scattered light and fluorescence
lenses
Vocabulary warm-up
1 Particles příslušný
2 Fluid vydávat, vyzařovat
3 Beam čočky
4 Granularity optická lavice/soustava
5 Complexity zpracovat
6 Fluorescence granularita
7 Emit částice
8 Scatter paprsek
9 Illuminate složení (buňky)
10 Appropriate kapalina
11 Convert fluorescence
12 Process laločnatost
13 Lenses rozptýlit
14 Lobularity osvítit, ozářit
15 Optical bench přeměnit
Source: Dastych M., English for Laboratory Technicians, Brno – MU, 2008.
Grammar point
Past perfect (předminulý čas). Source: Murphy, R., English Grammar in Use, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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2
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5
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8
9
10
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It had change a lot.
She had arranged to do something else.
The film had already started.
I had not seen him for five years.
She had just had breakfast.
had never heard it before.
had never played before.
had never been there before.
went
had gone
broke
saw
had broken stopped