•
•
•VTA
•DTNcl
SOME CENTRAL STRUCTURES FOR CONTROL OF ANS
•cortex
•hypothalamus
•amygdalar nuclei
•septal area

STRUCTURES INFLUENCING  PREGANGLIONIC
PARASYMPATHETIC AND SYMPATHETIC NEURONS
from cortex – to FR by the way of tr. cortico-reticularis
     and then by tr. reticulo-spinalis to pregang. neurons of ANS
from hypothalamus – through tr. hypothalamo-tegmentalis
                            and tr. mammilo-tegmentalis
from hypothalamus and limbic forebrain – through FLD and
dorsol tegmentum
periaqueductal gray – coordination of somatic and autonomic
answers to behavior, defensive reaction, to pregangl. symp. and
parasymp. neurons
from amygdalar nuclei – through hypothalamus and PAG

DESCENDING PATHWAYS FOR MODULATION OF ANS
•Tr. mamillo-tegmentalis
•Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (FLD)
•Fasciculus telencephalicus medialis - MFB (medial forebrain bunde)

SYMOBRYS
III.
•
•area
•septalis
•ncl. tegmentalis
•dors.
•FLD
•FR
VII.
IX.
SYMPATHICUS
•tr.mam.- tegm.
•VTA
•
•Fas. telencephalicus med.
•Medial Forebrain Bundle

Anabolic and catabolic

HYPOTHALAMUS
Nuclei of anterior hypothalamus (ncl. preopticus and supraopticus)
influence of parasympathicus - vagotonia
Stimulation of anterior hypothalamus results in:
• decrease of heartbeat (bradycardia) and blood pressure
• dilation of skin arteries
• increase of peristaltic movement, motility and secretion of GIT
• constriction of pupil

Nuclei of posterior hypothalamus (ncl. mamillaris and hypoth. post.)
influence of sympathicus
HYPOTHALAMUS
• dilation of pupil
• increase of heartbeat (tachycardia) and blood pressure
• constriction of skin arteries
• decrease of peristaltic movement, motility and secretion of GIT
• hair erection