•Auris externa, media et interna •Auricula •Meatus acusticus externus •Membrana tympani •Cavitas tympani •Ossicula auditus •Tuba auditiva •Labyrinthus osseus •Labyrinthus membranaceus •ORGANUM VESTIBULOCOCHLEARE •Auris externa •Auris media •Auris interna bubinek •MEMBRANA TYMPANI •umbo membranae tympani •stria mallearis (manubrium) •prominentia mallearis •plica mallearis anterior et posterior •pars flaccida membranae tympani (membrana Shrapnelli) •pars tensa •Cone of light (trigonum Woodi) •anulus fibrocartilagineus •(sulcus tympanicus) •(processus lateralis mallei) •Middle connective tissue layer – stratum membranaceum •External layer - stratum cutaneum •Internal layer - stratum mucosum https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/913/flashcards/1285913/png/tympanic_mem1333678710183.png •CAVITAS TYMPANI (eardrum) • •paries jugularis •- apertura externa canaliculi tympanici •paries tegmentalis •- hiatus canalis nervi petrosi minoris •paries caroticus •- canaliculi caroticotympanici •- canalis musculotubarius •semicanalis musculi tensori tympani •semicanalis tubae auditivae •- fenestra vestibuli •paries labyrinthicus •- promontorium •- fenestra cochleae •paries mastoideus •- antrum mastoideum •paries membranaceus •- bubínek •CAVITAS TYMPANI http://i65.photobucket.com/albums/h230/sleepy_yuci/e-learning/Ear/06Boundariesofthemiddleear.jpg hiatus canalis nervi petrosi minoris fenestra cochleae fenestra vestibuli •Caput mallei •Processus lateralis •Processus anterior •Manubrium mallei •Art. incudostapedialis •Art. incudomallearis •OSSICULA AUDITUS •Malleus •Corpus incudis •Crus breve •Crus longum •Incus •Crus posterius •Crus anterius •Basis stapedis •Caput stapedis •Stapes sluch10 •Caput mallei •Processus lateralis •Processus anterior •Manubrium mallei •Corpus •incudis •Crus breve •Crus longum •Art. incudostapedialis •Crus posterius •Crus anterius •Basis stapedis •Art. incudomallearis •OSSICULA AUDITUS •Caput stapedis Ossicular chain in hearing Sound waves funneled into the external auditory canal set the tympanic membrane into vibration. The ossicular chain transmits the vibrations to the oval window, which communicates them to the fluid column of the inner ear. Sound waves in fluid meet with higher impedance; they must therefore be amplified in the middle ear. The difference in surface area between the tympanic membrane and the oval window increases the sound pressure 17-fold. A total amplification factor of 22 is achieved through the lever action of the ossicular chain. If the ossicular chain fails to transform the sound pressure between the tympanic membrane and the footplate of the stapes, the patient will experience conductive hearing loss of magnitude 20 dB. sluch2 •Art. incudostapedialis •M. stapedius, tendo •Lig. incudis post. •Art. incudomallearis •Lig. incudis sup. •Lig. mallei sup. •Lig. mallei lat. •Crus breve •M. tensor tympani, tendo sluch4 •tuba auditoria •canalis caroticus •plica mallearis pos. •plica mallearis ant. •rec. epitympanicus •lig. incudis pos. •lig. incudis sup. •caput •mallei lig. mallei sup. •Incus •m. tensor tympani sluch3 •Meatus acusticus externus •Lig. mallei sup. •Lig. mallei lat. •M. tensor tympani •Recessus epitympanicus •Prom. •Incus http://i65.photobucket.com/albums/h230/sleepy_yuci/e-learning/Ear/11Musclesassociatedwiththeauditor yo.jpg Drake et al. Gray‘s Anatomy for Students, www.studentconsult.com http://i65.photobucket.com/albums/h230/sleepy_yuci/e-learning/Ear/20FacialnerveChordatympaniinthete mp.jpg •TUBA AUDITIVA, EUSTACHIAN TUBE •pars ossea tubae auditivae (10mm) •pars cartilaginea tubae auditivae (25 mm) •lamina medialis et lateralis •ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae •ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae •torus tubarius •lymph tissue (tonsilla tubaria) http://cdn.ent-surgery.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/the-eustachian-tube.jpg Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy 2nd Edition, Thieme 2012. •TUBA AUDITIVA, EUSTACHIAN TUBE 1- a. carotis int.; 2-lamina lateralis et 4-medialis; 6 – m. tensor veli palatini; 7- m. salpingopharyngeus; 8-m. levator veli palatini; 9-nasopharynx; 1- a. carotis int.; 6 – m. tensor veli palatini; 7- m. salpingopharyngeus; 8-m. levator veli palatini; 9-nasopharynx; 2-lamina lateralis et 4-medialis •TORUS TUBARIUS, torus levatorius, plica salpingopharyngea 2- m. tensor v.p.; 3- m.levator v.p; 6- m. salpingopharyngeus 2- tensor; 3- levator; 6- m. salpingopharyngeus F:\Obrázky\Anatomie\eustachian-tube-4-638.jpg Dhingra: Disease of Ear, Nose and Throat, 5th ed., Elsevier 2010. 90a •- cochlea •fenestra vestibuli •fenestra cochleae •AURIS INTERNA - LABYRINTHUS OSSEUS •- vestibulum -canales semicirculares ossei • anterior • posterior •ampulla ossea •crus communae •crus simplex •lateralis Sinělnikov R.D. 1980. Atlas člověka. •COCHLEA •modiolus •lamina spiralis ossea •canalis spiralis osseus •canales longitudinales •tractus spiralis foraminosus sluch6 •AURIS INTERNA Sinělnikov R.D. 1980. Atlas člověka. •VESTIBULUM •Utriculus •Sacculus n. ampullaris posterior n. utriculoampullaris n. saccularis Caecum vestibulare Sinělnikov R.D. 1980. Atlas člověka. Caecum vestibulare ductus cochlearis •labyrinthus vestibularis - utriculus et sacculus - d. utriculosaccularis→d.endolymphaticus (aquaductus vestibuli)→saccus endolymph. - ductus semicirculares •LABYRINTHUS MEMBRANACEUS •macula statica utriculi et sacculi •cristae ampullares •labyrinthus cochlearis •- ductus cochlearis •lamina basilaris •membrana vestibularis Reissneri •wall of bony canal •organum spirale Corti •membrana tectoria •LABYRINTHUS MEMBRANACEUS http://i65.photobucket.com/albums/h230/sleepy_yuci/e-learning/Ear/18Membranouslabyrinth.jpg •Ductus endolymphaticus • (aquaductus vestibuli) •* Ductus reuniens * VnitrUcho •Saccus endolymphaticus (fossa subarcuata) •Ductus endolymphaticus • (aquaductus vestibuli) •Ductus utriculosaccularis •Ductus reuniens •Caecum vestibulare •Ductus cochlearis •ant. •post. •lat. •LABYRINTHUS MEMBRANACEUS •Ductus semicircularis •S •U •Canaliculus cochleae •(apertura externa •canaliculi cochlae) •Membrana tympani sec. VnitrUcho2 •Scala vestibuli •(perilymfa) •Scala tympani •(perilymfa) •Ductus •cochlearis •(endolymfa) •membrana •tectoria •membrana basilaris •membrana vestibularis Reissneri •DUCTUS COCHLEARIS •organum spirale Corti •NERVUS VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS •n. cochlearis •ggl. vestibulare •superior et inferior •n. saccularis •n. utriculoampullaris •n. ampullae posterioris •n. vestibularis •NERVUS VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS introitus canalis n. VII crista transversa area vestibularis superior (n. utriculoampullaris) area vestibularis inferior (n. saccularis) + foramen singulare (n. ampularis. post.) tractus spiralis foraminosus Gilroy et al. Atlas of Anatomy 2nd Edition, Thieme 2012. Fundus meatus acustici interni introitus canalis n. VII crista transversa area vestibularis superior (n. utriculoampullaris) area vestibularis inferior (n. saccularis) + foramen singulare (n. ampularis. post.) tractus spiralis foraminosus n. ampullaris ant. et lat.