•ORGANUM VISUS (VISUAL SYSTEM)



•ORGANUM VISUS (VISUAL SYSTEM)
•TUNICA FIBROSA BULBI
•- sclera: posterior 5/6 of eye
•- cornea: anterior 1/6 of eye
•Sclera (diameter: 11-12 mm)
•lamina cribrosa sclerae
•fascia bulbi (Tenoni) → spatium episclerale
•spatium perichoroideum
•Cornea (diameter: 7-8 mm)
•facies anterior et posterior corneae
•limbus corneae
•sclerocorneal junction - sulcus sclerae
•- venous sinus sinus venosus sclerae (Schlemm‘s canal)
•Tunica
- fibrosa bulbi
- vasculosa bulbi
- interna bulbi

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•tunica fibrosa bulbi
•sclera
•cornea
•
•tunica vasculosa bulbi
•choroidea
•
•corpus ciliare
•iris
•tunica interna bulbi
retina
•linea visus
•axis oculi
•fovea centralis retinae
•discus nervi optici




•choroidea (choroid)
•corpus ciliare (ciliary body)
•iris (iris)
•TUNICA VASCULOSA BULBI
•m. ciliaris
•(ciliary m.)
•CILIARY BODY (CORPUS CILIARE)
•fibrae meridionales
•fibrae circulares
•processus ciliares
•plicae ciliares
•corona ciliaris
•orbiculus ciliaris
•fibrae zonulares
•
•zonula ciliaris
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•
•
•

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•
•fibrae zonulares
•processus ciliares
•
•pars optica retinae
•ora serrata
•plicae ciliares
•corona ciliaris
•
•orbiculus ciliaris
•
•zonula ciliaris
•
•CILIARY BODY (CORPUS CILIARE)

•IRIS
•margo pupillaris
•margo ciliaris
•facies anterior et posterior iridis
•angulus iridocornealis →
•reticulum trabeculare
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•m. sphincter pupillae – parasympathetic fibres - miosis
•m. dilatator pupillae – sympathetic fibres - mydriasis

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cornea
sclera
nucleus
•capsula
•fibrae zonulares
corpus ciliare
•(spatia zonularia)
•angulus iridocornealis-
•reticulum trabeculare

•TUNICA INTERNA BULBI
•RETINA
•pars optica retinae
•stratum pigmenti retinae (pigmented layer)
•stratum neuroepitheliale (layer of rods and cones)
•stratum ganglionare nervi optici (ganglionic layer of optic nerve)
•(pars ciliaris retinae, pars iridica retinae)
•pars caeca retinae
•ora serrata
•pars optica retinae
•stratum ganglionare retinae (ganglionic layer of retina)

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•NEURONS OF RETINA


1 1



Kopie ret3



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•2. macula (lutea) - fovea centralis
•1. discus nervi optici - excavatio disci
1
2
1
2
•branches of
•a. et v. centralis retinae
•Ophthalmoscopic picture to view eye fundus

Ophthalmoscopic picture

•Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetická retinopatie

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cornea
•c. b.a.
•lamina limitans post. (Descemet‘s membrane)
•sinus venosus sclerae
•(Schlemm‘s canal)
sclera
nucleus
•capsula
•fibrae zonulares
c.b.p.
corpus ciliare
•(spatia zonularia)
•reticulum trabeculare

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•camera vitrea
•(corpus vitreum, vitreal body)
•a. et v. centralis retinae
•aa. ciliares posteriores
•v. vorticosa
•a. et. v. ciliares
•anteriores
•c. b.a.
c.b.p.
c.b.p.

•anulus tendineus comm.



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79b



79a
•m. levator palpebrea superioris (m. tarsalis sup.)


•Palpebrae – eye lids
•
•- tarsus sup. et inf.
•- lig. palpebrale med. et lat.
•- rima palpebrarum
•- rivus lacrimalis
•- angulus oculi medialis et lateralis
•- gll. tarsales (Meibomi) – flow into rima (sebaceous)
•- gll.ciliares (Molli) – openings are related with rima et cilie (apocrine sudorific)
•- gll. sebaceae (Zeisi) – openings are related with cilie (holocrine sebaceous)
•-- hordeolum
•
•Tunica conjunctiva - conjunctiva
•tunica conjunctiva bulbi et palpebrarum conjunctiva of eyeball and eye lids
•fornix conjunctivae sup. et inf.

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•
•


•






•corpus adiposum
•orbitae
•vagina (fascia)
•bulbi (Tenoni)







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https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3942/15007162483_1843ff9f14_o.jpg
•M. orbitalis

enofthalmus

•Horner‘s syndrome
•Horner‘s triad: miosis, ptosis of eyelid, enophthalmus
•Injury/compression – cervical sympathetic, both preganglionic and postganglionic (plexus
caroticus)

Central (anhidrosis of face, arm and trunk)
Syringomyelia
Multiple sclerosis
Encephalitis
Brain tumors
Lateral medullary syndrome
Preganglionic (anhidrosis of face)
Cervical rib traction on stellate ganglion
Thyroid carcinoma
Thyroidectomy
Goiter
Bronchogenic carcinoma of the superior fissure (Pancoast tumor) on apex of lung
Klumpke paralysis
Trauma - base of neck, usually blunt trauma, sometimes surgery.
As a complication of tube thoracostomy
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Postganglionic (no anhidrosis)
Cluster headache - combination termed Horton's headache
An episode of Horner's syndrome may occur during a migraine attack and be relieved afterwards^[2]
Carotid artery dissection/carotid artery aneurysm
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Middle ear infection