Embryology
/organogenesis/
Development and teratology
of
sensory organs

Embsmall

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eyedevdiasmall
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eardevdiasmall pimg_715201164340393
•              EYE                                              EAR
•Day 22:  sulcus opticus (neuroectoderm)          Day 22: otic placode (ectoderm)

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•
eyedevdiasmall
•
pimg_715201164340393
•EYE
•Sulcus opticus (1)
•
•Optic vesicle → cup (2-3)
•    (week 4)
•----------------------------------
•
•Lens placode (2)
•
•Lens vesicle (2-3)

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•DEVELOPMENT                        of the EYE
•
•NEUROECTODERM:
•     OPTIC GROOVE (evagination of
•     prosencephalon) give rise to OPTIC
•     VESICLE (CUP) develops into retina,
•     OPTIC STALK of optic vesicle
•     give rise to optic nerve
•
•ECTODERM:
•     LENS PLACODE a LENS VESICLE
•     and
•     VENTRAL CORNEAL EPITHELIUMÞ
•
•MESENCHYME:
•     all other components of the eye (sclera,
•     choroid, ciliary body, iris, vitreous
•     body, cornea except its Þ ventral epith.)
Eye1a pimg_715201164340393

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Development of the eye
Smyslové orgány I - 25
•sulcus opticus                     optic vesicles                                  optic cup
•                                           + lens placode                                + lens
vesicle

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Smyslové orgány II - 3
•Hyaloid artery and vein in choroidal fissure
•Lens vesicle
•Surface
•ectoderm
•2 layers of optic cup
•              Retina
•
•
•Optic stalk
•       nervus opticus
•

•7
Smyslové orgány I - 26


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Smyslové orgány I - 27


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Smyslové orgány I - 28


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•IN EYEBALL:
•
•Retina – from neuroectoderm of mesencephalon
•Lens cristalina – from ectoderm
•Conjunctival epithelium – from ectoderm
•All other – from mesenchym
•
•EYELID
•– from ectoderm + mesenchym
•
•

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lens Gray864 eyed2
•Lens growth is induced by optic vesicle

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Teratology of the eye
•Anophthalmia
•Microphthalmia
•Aphakia
•Coloboma                (iris, eyelid)
•Congenital cataracta                           or glaucom
•Congenital                          ptosis of                             eyelid
microphthalmia2 6702840f15th McCann_right_eye 2367860225_0f9888400f eyes1 50021X-fx24
•no lens
1_1003_5

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Smyslové orgány II - 18
•auricle              external                      tympanic cavity,         inner ear
•                         acoustic meatus         Eustachian tube
•
•mesenchyme    the 1st                        the 1st                       ectodermal
•tubercules (6)    pharyngeal cleft         pharyngeal pouch     otocyst
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

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•
•
•EAR
•ECTODERM:
•Otic placode (1)
•    (day 22)
•Otic pit (2)
•Otocyst (3-4)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•The 1st ECTODERMAL
•cleft:
•Meatus acusticus
•
eardevdiasmall
•The 1st
•ENDODERMAL pouch:
•Auditory tube +
•Tympanic cavity
•Inner ear:
•Utriculus + semic. ducts
•Sacculus + cochlear duct
•Tympanic membrane
•Ossicles
•
•

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Smyslové orgány II - 7
Otic placode  – thickening of ectoderm
       Otic pit
       Otic vesicle =
otocyst:
          epithelium of membranous labyrinth, incl. sensory ep.  originate from ectoderm
Development of the inner ear

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Smyslové orgány II - 8
Otic pit Þ otic vesicle (otocyst)

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Smyslové orgány II - 9
Differentiation of the otocyst into membanous labyrinth:
V
E
N
T
R
A
L
L
Y
D
O
R
S
A
L
L
Y

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Smyslové orgány II - 15
Development of tympanic membrane and cavity
Development of the ear ossicles
•The 1st and 2nd branchial arch: 1 - cartilago Meckeli ð maleus, incus
•                                                    2 - cartilago Reicherti ð stapes

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invertedfetus Smyslové orgány II - 14
Development of the outer ear
 from mesenchyme of the 1st and 2nd arch, covered with ectoderm ð 6 tubercles (3 ventral + 3
dorsal)

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Teratology:
congenital malformations of the ear
•Anomalies of:
•
•Outer ear:                              anotia, macrotia, microtia, preauricular protuberances and
sinuses, meatus atresia
•Middle ear: congenital fixation of stapes
•Inner ear:  aplasia –hypoplasia of labyrinth (rubeola in mother), salicyl preparates using during
the 1st trimester)
•Hypacusia or deafness:
•
•
•conductive
•
•
•
•
•sensorineural (perceptive)
•

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https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/771/flashcards/1234771/jpg/cear1330213890701.jpg
http://www.huidziekten.nl/afbeeldingen/preauricular-sinus-3.jpg
http://synapse.koreamed.org/ArticleImage/0052KJP/kjped-53-1018-g001-l.jpg
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/thumb/0/09/Preauricular_sinus.jpg/300px-Preaur
icular_sinus.jpg http://img.medscapestatic.com/pi/meds/ckb/56/44856tn.jpg
https://static-content.springer.com/image/prt%3A978-3-642-23499-6%2F13/MediaObjects/978-3-642-23499
-6_13_Part_Fig3-842_HTML.jpg
•Meatus atresia

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end


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Repetition: sensory organs
•An overview of structural units of the retina.
•Microscopic structure of the retina,  synapses  between neurons.
•Microscopic structure of the sclera and cornea.
•Choroid, corpus ciliare, iris.
•Dioptric media of the eye (cornea, aqueous humor, lens and vitreous body).
•Accessory apparatus of the eye (palpebra, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva, extraocular
muscles).
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•Mickroscopic structure of outer and middle ear.
•Microscopic structure of inner ear – the organ of balance.
•Microscopic structure of inner ear – the organ of hearing (ductus cochlearis, organ of Corti).

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Smyslové orgány II - 20
•Bony labyrinth
•from mesenchym
•Cochlea
•Vestibulum
•Canales semicirculares
•Membranous labyrinth
•from ectoderm – epithelium,
•
•from mesenchyme – rest (membrana basilaris, perilymphatic spaces and their epithelium)
•Ductus cochlearis
•Sacculus
•Utriculus
•Ductus semicirculares
•Ductus et saccus endolymphaticus