The highest functions of nervous system Psychological and social aspects of brain activity I https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi a/commons/thumb/d/d4/Paul_D_Mac Lean.jpg/220px-Paul_D_MacLean.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Spinal cord and brain stem • Reflex activity – „hardware“ • Speed / economy • Fixed action patterns (FAP) - the highest level of reflex activity • FAP activity may be controlled if it does not threat to bodily functions (e.g. Holding the breath) http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations Whelan PJ. Shining light into the black box of spinal locomotor networks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2010;365:2383–2395. Spinal cord and brain stem • Reflex activity – „hardware“ • Speed / economy • Fixed action patterns (FAP) - the highest level of reflex activity • FAP activity may be controlled if it does not threat to bodily functions (e.g. Holding the breath) http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations Whelan PJ. Shining light into the black box of spinal locomotor networks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2010;365:2383–2395. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Neocortex • Relatively slow / non-economical • The highest analytic functions • The highest executive functions • Most developed in humans http://www.emunix.emich.edu Neocortex • Relatively slow / non-economical • The highest analytic functions • The highest executive functions • Most developed in humans http://www.emunix.emich.edu Association areas • Neither receptive • Nor effector • Integrative function • Parieto-occipito-temporal • Frontal • Limbic http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Parieto-occipito-temporal association area • Linking and interpretation of information from several sensory modalities • Visual – acoustic – sensory analysis • Object recognition and categorization • Language comprehension • Attention http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Lateralization of brain functions http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Frontal association area  Motor/non-motor planning/organization - strategy - anticipation  Thinking – mental models processing  Attention – „information filtering“  Behavioral control – Facilitation of „wanted“ – Inhibition of „unwanted“ http://thenextweb.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/03/jerry1.jpg Basal ganglia • Direct pathway  Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway  Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Basal ganglia • Direct pathway  Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway  Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Basal ganglia • Direct pathway  Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway  Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Basal ganglia • Direct pathway  Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway  Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Limbic association area • Integration of information from inner and outer environment • Hypothalamus • Emotions • Motivation • Instinct behavior http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/enger/student/olc/art_quizzes/genbiomedia/0665.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of innera and outer information DRIVE http://at-hk.s3.amazonaws.com/i/20120526051907-best_bungee_jumping.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of innera and outer information DRIVE Whole brain model http://www.12manage.com/images/picture_herrmann_whole_brain_model.gif http://www.sacsa.sa.edu.au/ATT/%7BBA2B8C52-92B6-4C17-AEEB- 3A9D4F9AE8DE%7D/images/BackgroundInfo/images/image8.gif http://www.azquotes.com/public/ pictures/authors/86/de/86de3448 9a9d8daea6fd5dce6241ba20/549 4c14800f1d_ned_herrmann.jpg Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex • (Papez circuit) • Via neuromodulationg systems – Consciuosness – Mood • Via thalamus – Via nucleus mediodorsalis to orbitofrontal cortex (influence on decision making) – Influence gating function of pther thalamic nuclei http://ausm.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpg https://decodingfilm.files.wordpress.com/20 14/09/tea.png?w=272&h=300 Limbic system and neocortex https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/84/34/b1/8434b124c9fc92003051c56b088906a5.jpg Limbic system - Emotions / drive Neocortex - Action http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Limbic system and neocortex https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/84/34/b1/8434b124c9fc92003051c56b088906a5.jpg Limbic system - Emotions / drive Neocortex - Action http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain Three States of Cognition PS Deb Instinctive behavior  Limbic system I see a nice thing, so why not steel it? Socially enforced behavior  Legal behavior  Neocortex – limbický systém Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior  Legitime behavior  Limbic system Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior  Limbic system I see a nice thing, so why not steel it? Socially enforced behavior  Legal behavior  Neocortex – limbic system Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior  Legitime behavior  Limbic system Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior  Limbic system I see a nice thing, so why not steel it? Socially enforced behavior  Legal behavior  Neocortex – limbic system Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior  Legitime behavior  Limbic system Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior  Limbic system I see a nice thing, so why not steel it? Socially enforced behavior  Legal behavior  Neocortex – limbic system Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior  Legitime behavior  Limbic system Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles Individual / subjective character of brain activity • Irational preferences • Irational fear • Phobia – Panic (extreme) irational fear Specific Social • http://www.fearof.net/ https://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/03/080320132646_1_900x600.jpg LIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONAL Individual / subjective character of brain activity • Irational preferences • Irational fear • Phobia – Panic (extreme) irational fear Specific Social • http://www.fearof.net/ https://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/03/080320132646_1_900x600.jpg LIMBIC SYSTEM – IRATIONAL Individual / subjective character of brain activity • (Pseudo)rational preferences • Imagination NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL http://www.hospitality-school.com/wp- content/uploads/2011/06/guest-preference-2.jpg • Imagine red car… Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL • Imagine red car… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIG A#tbm=isch&q=red+car+white+background Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL • Imagine red Ferrari… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm=isch&q =red+ferrari+white+background Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL • Imagine red Ferrari 458 from the side… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm =isch&q=red+ferrari+458+from+side+white+background Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL • Imagine red Ferrari 458 from the side… https://www.google.cz/search?q=red+car&biw=1150&bih=492&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBupCC_5PSAhVDbBoKHe53B98QsAQIGA#tbm =isch&q=red+ferrari+458+from+side+white+background • Closer specification (more conditions) leads us to a more consistent output, but increases the likelihood of errors  Random – some specifications are randomly overlooked  System – some specification is unknown (How does Ferrari 458 look like?) Individual / subjective character of brain activity NEOCORTEX – RATIONAL Every brain is unique • Emotionally – Limbic system • Rationally – Neocortex http://cortechsnews.cortechslabs.com/hubfs/brains.png?t=1485216931168 Every brain is a powerful machine… http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg … which is hard to control Every brain is a powerful machine… http://mywwwzone.heckyeahllc.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brain-front-view.jpg http://www.autotribute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rimac-electric-supercar-front-view.jpg … which is hard to control The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex http://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/love-or-money-work-life-balance-scales_313110.html The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex http:// http://www.terryherring2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/life-balance.jpg http://thedailypositive.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/06/image1-4- 300x300.jpg The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex • Predominance of the limbic system (neuromodulation) • Neocortical activity – top of neural activity – low influence upon lower part in case of conflict • Reflex activity (both autonomous and somatic) – involuntary (with rare exceptions) • Limbic systém activity – almost involuntary The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex • Predominance of the limbic system (neuromodulation) • Neocortical activity – top of neural activity – low influence upon lower part in case of conflict • Reflex activity (both autonomous and somatic) – involuntary (with rare exceptions) • Limbic systém activity – almost involuntary The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex • Predominance of the limbic system (neuromodulation) • Neocortical activity – top of neural activity – low influence upon lower part in case of conflict • Reflex activity (both autonomous and somatic) – involuntary (with rare exceptions) • Limbic systém activity – almost involuntary The conflict between the limbic system and the neocortex • Predominance of the limbic system (neuromodulation) • Neocortical activity – top of neural activity – low influence upon lower part in case of conflict • Reflex activity (both autonomous and somatic) – involuntary (with rare exceptions) • Limbic systém activity – almost involuntary Rationalization • defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable—or even admirable and superior—by plausible means (wikipedia) http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- bZ3xCtBK7WM/TbBVepOG_4I/AAAAAAAABNw/cPsCAT9vglM/s1600/Lies.gif Rationalization • defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable—or even admirable and superior—by plausible means (wikipedia) http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- bZ3xCtBK7WM/TbBVepOG_4I/AAAAAAAABNw/cPsCAT9vglM/s1600/Lies.gif Manipulation • Selfmanipulation vs manipulation of others • Intentional vs unintentional http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url =aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw== „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 Manipulation • Selfmanipulation vs manipulation of others • Intentional vs unintentional http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url =aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw== „ Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? „ Matthew 7:4 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg Awareness / Mindfulness https://stuffthingsandopinions.files.wordpr ess.com/2015/12/15655214702_05c357fe 29_o_d.jpg http://cognitivetherapyonline.com/cbt4panic/ wp-content/uploads/2011/03/past-future.gif „When you are hungry, eat; when you are tired, sleep“ Zen Budhist quote Awareness / Mindfulnesshttp://nutritionstudies.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/01/overcoming-emotional- eating-480x250.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- _GpQ4Y4Dn10/T8WmcpPUtlI/AAAAAAAAAww/9kCQYEuoTBg/s1600/exercise- cartoon.jpg https://whatsinabrain.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/past-present-future.png Awareness / Mindfulness