Muscles of the lower limb Mm. coxae Musculus iliopsoas •ORIGIN:disci intervertebrales and fibrous bundles along the lumbar spine, fossa iliaca •INSERTION: trochanter minor femoris •INNERVATION: plexus lumbalis •FUNCTION: flexion of hip joint (it starts stepping) • Musculus gluteus maximus •ORIGIN:linea glutea posterior, alae ossis ilium, fascia thoracolumbalis •INSERTION: tractus iliotibialis, tuberositas glutea and proximal part of labium laterale lineae asperae femoris •INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior •FUNCTION: extension of hip joint, by pulling tractus, it fixes the knee joint in extension Musculus gluteus medius •ORIGIN:between linea glutea anterior et posterior, crista iliaca •INSERTION: trochanter major •INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior •FUNCTION: abduction of hip joint, flexion, extension • Musculus gluteus minimus •ORIGIN: between linea glutea inferior et anterior •INSERTION: trochanter major •INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior •FUNCTION: abduction and flexion of hip joint • Musculus tensor fasciae latae •ORIGIN: spina iliaca anterior superior •INSERTION: tractus iliotibialis •INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior •FUNCTION:it stretches tractus iliotibialis and secures stability of knee joint during extension Musculus piriformis •ORIGIN: lateral part of facies pelvina osis sacri •INSERTION: trochanter major •INNERVATION: plexus sacralis •FUNCTION: femoral supination Musculus gemellus superior •ORIGIN: spina ischiadica •INSERTION: fossa trochanterica •INNERVATION: •plexus sacralis •FUNCTION: femoral supination • Musculus obturatorius internus •ORIGIN: membrana obturatoria •INSERTION: fossa trochanterica •INNERVATION: plexus sacralis •FUNCTION: femoral supination • Musculus gemellus inferior •ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum •INSERTION: fossa trochanterica •INNERVATION: plexus sacralis •FUNCTION: femoral supination • Musculus quadratus femoris •ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum •INSERTION: crista intertrochanterica •INNERVATION: plexus sacralis •FUCTION: femoral supination • •Mm. femoris Musculus sartorius •ORIGIN: spina iliaca anterior superior •INSERTION: pes anserinus •INNERVATION: n. femoralis •FUNCTION: flexion of hip joint, flexion of knee joint Musculus quadriceps femoris •ORIGIN: rec: spina iliaca anterior inferior, med: labium mediale, lat: labium laterale, inter: corpus femoris •INSERTION:basis patellae, ligamentum patellae, tuberositas tibiae •INNERVATION: n. femoralis •FUNCTION:extension of knee joint rectus: flexion of hip joint Musculus quadriceps femoris •M. rectus femoris •M. vastus lateralis •M. vastus medialis •M. vastus intermedius Musculus semitendinosus •ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum •INSERTION: pes anserinus •INNERVATION: n. ischiadicus •FUNCTION: extension of hip joint, flexion of knee joint • Musculus semimebranosus •ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum •INSERTION: proximal part of tibia, ligamentum popliteum obliquum •INNERVATION: n. ischiadicus •FUNCTION: extension of hip joint, flexion of knee joint • Musculus biceps femoris •ORIGIN: caput longum: tuber ischiadicum, caput breve: labium laterale lineae aspereae •INSERTION: caput fibulae •INNERVATION: n. ischiadicus •FUNCTION: flexion of knee joint, extension of hip joint • Musculus gracilis •ORIGIN: ventrocaudally from symphysis •INSERTION: pes anserinus •INNERVATION: n. obturatorius •FUNCTION: adduction of hip joint, flexion of knee joint • Pes anserinus Musculus adductor longus •ORIGIN: ramus superior ossis pubis •INSERTION: middle part of labium mediale lineae asperae •INNERVATION: n. obturatorius •FUNCTION: adduction of thigh • Musculus adductor brevis •ORIGIN: between ramus superior et inferior •INSERTION: proximal part of labium mediale lineae asperae •INNERVATION: n. obturatorius •FUNCTION: adduction of thigh • Musculus adductor magnus •ORIGIN: from ramus inferior to tuber ischiadicum •INSERTION: labium mediale lineae asperae, epicondylus medialis femoris •INNERVATION: n. obturatorius, n. ischiadicus •FUNCTION: adduction of thigh • Musculus pectineus •ORIGIN: pecten ossis pubis •INSERTION: linea pectinea femoris •INNERVATION: n. obturatorius, n. femoralis •FUNCTION: adduction of thigh • Musculus obturatorius externus •ORIGIN: external surface of membrana obturatoria INSERTION: fossa trochanterica •INNERVATION: n. obturatorius •FUNCTION: supination of hip joint • FEMORAL FASCIAE •Fascia lata- tractus iliotibialis • • • • Mm. cruris Musculus tibialis anterior •ORIGIN: lateral part of tibia, membrana interossea cruris •INSERTION: base of 1st metatarsal bone, os cuneiforme mediale •INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus •FUNCTION: dorsal flexion of foot, supination Musculus extensor hallucis longus •ORIGIN: distal part of fibula, membrana interossea cruris •INSERTION: dorsal aponeurosis of big toe •INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus •FUNCTION: extension of big toe, dorsal flexion of foot • Musculus extensor digitorum longus •ORIGIN: condylus lateralis tibiae, fibula, membrana interossea •INSERTION: dorsal aponeuroses of 2nd-5th toes, tuberositas ossis metatarsi quinti (m. peroneus tertius) •INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus •FUNCTION: dorsal flexion of toes and foot, tertius-pronation of foot • Musculus fibularis longus •ORIGIN: caput fibulae and proximal part of fibula •INSERTION: os cuneiforme mediale, base of 1st metatarsal bone, on the plantar side! •INNERVATION: n. fibularis superficialis •FUNCTION: plantar flexion and pronation of foot, transversal foot vault Musculus fibularis brevis •ORIGIN: distal part of fibula •INSERTION: tuberositas ossi metatarsi quinti •INNERVATION: n. fibularis superficialis •FUNCTION: plantar flexion and pronation of foot • Musculus triceps surae •ORIGIN: m. gastrocnemius-epikondyly femuru, soleus-caput fibulae a arcus tendineus musculi solei •INSERTION: tendo calcaneus-tuber calcanei •INNERVATION: n. tibialis •FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot, gastrocnemius-flexion of knee joint • Musculus plantaris •ORIGIN: epicondylus lateralis femoris •INSERTION: tendo calcanei •INNERVATION: n. tibialis •FUNCTION: flexion of knee joint • Musculus popliteus •ORIGIN: epicondylus lateralis femoris •INSERTION: proximally from linea m. solei on tibia •INNERVATION: n. tibialis •FUNCTION: flexion of knee joint • Musculus tibialis posterior •ORIGIN: membrana, tibia •INSERTION: tuberositas ossis navicularis •INNERVATION: n. tibialis •FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot, foot vault • Musculus flexor digitorum longus •ORIGIN: posterior surface of tibia •INSERTION: distal phalanx of 2nd-5th toes •INNERVATION: n. tibialis •FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot and toes Musculus flexor hallucis longus •ORIGIN: posterior surface of fibula •INSERTION: distal phalanx of big toe, groes together with tendon of m. fdl •INNERVATION: n. tibialis •FUNCTION: plantar flexion of foot and big toe • • • • Mm. pedis Musculus extensor hallucis brevis •ORIGIN: in area of sinus tarsi •INSERTION: dorsal aponeurosis of big toe •INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus •FUNCTION: extension of big toe Musculus extensor digitorum brevis •ORIGIN: in area of sinus tarsi •INSERTION: dorsal aponeurosis of the 2nd-4th toes •INNERVATION: n. fibularis profundus •FUNCTION: extension of the 2nd – 4th toes • • Musculus abductor hallucis •ORIGIN: processus medialis tuberis calcanei •INSERTION: medial sesamoidal bone and base of proximal phalanx of big toe •INNERVATION: n. plantaris medialis •FUNCTION: flexion and abduction of proximal phalanx of big toe Musculus flexor hallucis brevis •ORIGIN: plantar side of ossa cuneiformia, •INSERTION: sesamoidal bone •INERVATION: n. plantaris medialis •FUNCTION: flexion of big toe • Musculus adductor hallucis •ORIGIN: by two heads- caput obliquum- plantar side of os cuboideum and base of the 4th and 5th metatarsal bone - caput transversum- plantar side of the 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joint •INSERTION: lateral sesamoidal bone •INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: adduction of big toe • Musculus abductor digiti minimi •ORIGIN: processus lateralis tuberis calcanei •INSERTION: base of proximal phalanx of the 5th toe •INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: abduction of the 5th toe • Musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis •ORIGIN: base of the 5th metatarsal bone •INSERTION: base of the proximal phalanx of 5th toe •INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: flexion of 5th toe • Musculus opponens digiti minimi •ORIGIN: plantar side of os cuboideum •INSERTION:body of the 5th metatarsal bone •INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: mild opossition of the 5th toe • Musculus flexor digitorum brevis •ORIGIN: processus medialis tuberis calcanei •INSERTION: 4 parts to toes with three phalanges, middle phalanx, chiasma tendinum •INNERVATION: n. plantaris medialis •FUNCTION: flexion of proximal and middle phalanx • Musculus quadratus plantae •ORIGIN: tuber calcanei •INSERTION: tendon of m. flexor digitorum longus •INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: participates in flexion of toes • Musculi interossei plantares (3) •ORIGIN: medial side of the 3th-5th metatarsal bone •INSERTION: medial side of proximal phalanx of 3th-5th toes •INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: adduction of the 3th-5th toes, mild flexion of proximal palanges • Musculi interossei dorsales (4) •ORIGIN: with two heads on adjacent sides of neighboring metatarsal bones •INSERTION: proximal phalanges of appropriate toes •INNERVATION: n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: abduction of toes, flexio of proximal phalanges • Musculi lumbricales •ORIGIN: tendons of m. flexor digitorum longus •INSERTION: medial side of base of prox. phalanges of the 2nd-5th and to their dorsal aponeuroses •INNERVATION: the 1st and 2nd ones - n. plantaris medialis, the 3rd and 4th - n. plantaris lateralis •FUNCTION: flexion of proximal palanges, inclination of toes to medial side • Thank you for your attention! •Obrázky: •https://www.kenhub.com