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BULBUS OCULI
polus anterior
polus posterior
meridiani
equator
axis bulbi externus
linea visus
Optical power + 60 D
MORPHOLOGY OF BULBUS OCULI
Tunica fibrosa
Sclera
Cornea
Tunica vasculosa
Choroidea
Corpus ciliare
Iris
Tunica interna
Retina
TUNICA FIBROSA - SCLERA
limbus sclerae
(vasa ciliaria ant.)
sinus venosus sclerae
(Schlemm´s canal)
lamina cribrosa sclerae
(nn. ciliares breves, longi)
vasa ciliaria post.)
eguator
(vv. vorticocae)
spatium episclerale
spatium perichoroidale
TUNICA FIBROSA - CORNEA
Limbus cornae
(sulcus sclerae)
Facies ant. cornae
(vertex cornae, polus ant.)
Facies post. cornae
Epithelium ant. cornae
Substantia propria cornae
Endothelium cornae
Optical power + 40 D
TUNICA VASCULOSA - CHOROIDEA
aa. ciliares ant.
aa. ciliares post. breves
aa. ciliares post. longi
circulus arteriosus iridis major
circulus arteriosus iridis minorFibrotic tissue membrane
pigment cells (dark chambre)
vessels
TUNICA VASCULOSA – CORPUS CILIARE
Corona ciliaris
processus ciliares, plicae ciliares
Orbiculus ciliaris
Zonula ciliaris
fibrae zonulares
Musculus ciliaris
fibrae circulares, fibrae meridionales
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TUNICA VASCULOSA – IRIS
margo ciliaris
margo pupillaris (pupilla)
facies ant. iridis
(anulus iridis major, minor)
facies post. iridis
STROMA IRIDIS
m. sphincter pupillae
(miosis, parasympaticus)
m. dilataror pupillae
(mydriasis, sympaticus)
pigment (eye color)
TUNICA INTERNA – RETINA
Pars caeca retinae
pars ciliaris retinae
pars iridica retinae
Ora serrata
Pars optica
fotoreceptors (coni, bacilli)
ora serrata
FUNDUS OCULI
Macula lutea
fovea centralis (linea visus)
Macula caeca
discus n. optici, papilla n. optici,
excavatio disci
Vasa centralia retinae
vasa nasalia retinae sup., inf.,
vasa temporalia retinae sup., inf.
(arteriolae et venulae maculares)
external
segmentexternal
segment
MORPHOLOGY OF RETINA
Stratum pigmentosum
Stratum neuroepitheliale
coni (6-7 million, macula lutea)
bacilli (130 million)
Stratum ganglionare retinae
bipolar neurons
Stratum ganglionare n. optici
multipolar neurons
OPTIC TRACT
1. neuron
coni, bacilli
2. neuron
bipolar cells
3. neuron
multipolar cells
4. neuron
corpus geniculatum
laterale
Area 17, 18, 19
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Radix medialis
Colliculus sup.
(optic-motor reflex)
Area praetectalis
(pupilar reflex)
Hypothalamus
(tr. retino-hypothalamicus,
heliostimulation)
Pulvinar thalami
(feedback circuits)
Ncl. interstitialis (Cajal) FLM
Substantia nigra
LENS CRYSTALINA Facies anterior lentis
(polus anterior lentis)
Facies posterior lentis
(polus posterior lentis)
Equator lentis (fibrae zonulares)
MORPHOLOGY
Capsula lentis
Substantia lentis (fibrae lentis)
Epithelium lentis
Cortex lentis
Nucleus lentis
ACCOMMODATION-LENS
a) Looking into the distance
b) Near vision
(m. ciliaris)
Optic power
+ 17 – 20 D
CORPUS VITREUM
Camera vitrea bulbi
Membrana vitrea
Stroma vitreum
Humor vitreus
Fossa hyaloidea
Canalis hyaloideus
a. hyaloidea)
Camera oculi anterior
Camera oculi posterior
Camera vitrea
Humor aquosus
Angulus iridocornealis
Lig. pectinatum anguli
iridocornealis
Spatia iridocornealia
Sinus venosus sclerae
Venulae aquosae
CAMERAE BULBI MUSCULI BULBI
m. rectus superior, inferior, medialis, lateralis
m. obliquus superior, inferior
m. levator palpebrae superioris
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FASCIAE ORBITALES
Periorbit (m. orbitalis)
Vagina bulbi
Spatium episclerale
Corpus adiposum orbitae
PALPEBRAE
palpebra superior, inferior
rima palpebrarum
angulus oculi medialis, lateralis
facies anterior, posterior palpebrae
limbus palpebralis anterior
(cilia, gll. sebacae, gl. ciliares)
limbus palpebralis posterior
rivus lacrimalis
papilla lacrimalis (punctum lacrimale)
EYELID MORPHOLOGY
septum orbitale
tarsus superior, inferior
gl. tarsales (Meibomi)
lig. palpebrale med., lat.
m. tarsalis sup., inf.
m. orbicularis oculi
CONJUNCTIVA
tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum
tunica conjunctiva bulbi
fornix conjunctivae sup., inf.,
saccus conjunctivae
plica semilunaris conjunctivae
lacus lacrimalis
caruncula lacrimalis
papilla lacrimalis
punctum lacrimale
APPARATUS LACRIMALIS
Gl. lacrimalis (pars orbitalis a palpebralis)
Ductuli exretorii (fornix conjunctivae sup.)
Lacrimae
Punta lacrimalis
Canaliculi lacrimales
(ampulla canaliculli lacrimalis)
Saccus lacrimalis
(fornix sacci lacrimalis)
Ductus nasolacrimalis
(meatus nasi inferior)
Plica lacrimalis
ARTERIA OPHTHALMICA
a. centralis retinae
a. lacrimalis (aa. palpebrales lat.)
rr. musculares (a. ciliares ant.)
a. ciliares posteriores breves et longi
(circulus art. iridis major, minor)
a. supraorbitalis
a. ethmoidalis post. et ant.
(a. meningea ant.)
aa. palpebrales med.
a. supratrochlearis
a. dorsalis nasi
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VENAE OPHTHALMICAE
v. ophthalmica sup.
v. nasofrontalis
vv. palpebrales
vv. ethmoidales ant., post.,
v. lacrimalis
vv. vorticosae
vv. ciliares
v. centralis retinae
(fissura orbitalis sup.,
sinus cavernosus)
v. ophthalmica inferior
venous net on the bottom of orbit
(fissura orbitalis inf., plexus
pterygoideus)
Anastomosis with v. facialis (v. faciei profunda, v. angularis),