The Highest Level of Brain Activity II Three States of Cognition Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations FACTS THEORIES Fact Theory Cannot be provenCan be proven Yes/No Maybe Simple Complex Factual Abstract Why? A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Socail conflict Decision makingYou have to live with yourself You have to live with others Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Collective consciousness or collective conscious is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. Wikipedia Values Cognitive maps ✓ Comlex ✓ Unique ✓ Multiple viewpoints https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi a/commons/thumb/d/d4/Paul_D_Mac Lean.jpg/220px-Paul_D_MacLean.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of innera and outer information DRIVE Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex • Papez circuit • Via neuromodulationg systems • Consciuosness • Mood • Via thalamus • Via nucleus mediodorsalis to orbitofrontal cortex (influence on decision making) • Influence gating function of pther thalamic nuclei http://ausm.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpg https://decodingfilm.files.wordpress.com/20 14/09/tea.png?w=272&h=300 Papez circuit http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT Papez circuit http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT Papez circuit http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Orientace na objekt Orientace na místo Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider ✓ Object oriented ✓ Implicit ✓ Location oriented ✓ Explcit Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT Learning and memory • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) • Based on hippocampus • Explicit information is stored and later recollected • „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) • Based on striatum • Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits • „Construction of the algorithms“ • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) • Based on hippocampus • Explicit information is stored and later recollected • „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) • Based on striatum • Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits • „Construction of the algorithms“ Location oriented: Where am I and what has happened here? Object oriented: Can I eat it and how to eat it? Learning and memory Basal ganglia • Corpus striatum • Nucleus caudatus • Putamen • Globus pallidus (Pallidum) • Externum • Internum • Nucleus subthalamicus • Substantia nigra • Pars compacta • Pars reticulata • Thalamic motor nuclei http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations • Direct pathway ➢ Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway ➢ Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Basal ganglia • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) • Based on hippocampus • Explicit information is stored and later recollected • „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) • Based on striatum • Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits • „Construction of the algorithms“ Location oriented: Where am I and what has happened here? Object oriented: Can I eat it and how to eat it? Learning and memory Cognitive maps ✓ Comlex ✓ Unique ✓ Multiple viewpoints https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwar d_C._Tolman Edward C. Tolman 1948 Gerald Schneider https://www.researchgate.net/profil e/Gerald_Schneider https://itunes.apple.com/us /podcast/brain-structure- and-its-origins- 2009/id385157530?mt=2 https://itunes.apple.com/us/ podcast/brain-structure-and- its-origins- 2014/id944293984?mt=2 2014 20142009Cognitive map term definition Anatomical correalte? O´Keefe and Nadel ´70s And others Limbic system and neocortex https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/84/34/b1/8434b124c9fc92003051c56b088906a5.jpg Limbic system - Emotions / drive Neocortex - Action http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/84/34/b1/8434b124c9fc92003051c56b088906a5.jpg Limbic system - Emotions / drive Neocortex - Action http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Limbic system and neocortex Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steal it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbický systém ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing Limbic system and neocortex http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steal it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Limbic system and neocortex Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steal it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system - neocortex ✓Stealing is a bad thing http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Limbic system and neocortex Instinctive behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓I see a nice thing, so why not to steal it? Socially enforced behavior ➢ Legal behavior ➢ Neocortex – limbic system ✓Theft is a crime, and punishment may come Moral behavior ➢ Legitime behavior ➢ Limbic system ✓Stealing is a bad thing http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Limbic system and neocortex Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg Limbic system and neocortex Pythagoras (570-495 BC) https://www.goodreads.com/photo/ author/203707.Pythagoras Pythagoras (570-495 BC) https://www.goodreads.com/photo/ author/203707.Pythagorashttps://www.mathsisfun.com/pythagoras.html Pythagoras (570-495 BC) https://www.goodreads.com/photo/ author/203707.Pythagorashttps://www.mathsisfun.com/pythagoras.html What is philosophical importance of Pyythagora´s Theorem? When you go to higher level, you can find realtionships whir are not visible on lower level. Pythagoras (570-495 BC) https://www.goodreads.com/photo/ author/203707.Pythagorashttps://www.mathsisfun.com/pythagoras.html What is philosophical importance of Pyythagora´s Theorem? When you go to a higher level, you can find realtionships which are not visible on a lower level. Pythagoras (570-495 BC) https://www.goodreads.com/photo/ author/203707.Pythagorashttps://www.mathsisfun.com/pythagoras.html What is philosophical importance of Pyythagora´s Theorem? When you go to a higher level, you can find realtionships which are not visible on a lower level. 1 2 3 4 Socrates (470-399 BC) https://edukalife.blogspot.cz/2015/07/soc rates-biography-greek-philosopher-is.html Platon (427-347 BC) https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/bio grafia/p/platon.htm Aristoteles (384-322 BC) https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/monog rafia/aristoteles/ Material world Perception https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html CUP Material world Perception http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP Material world Perception Ideas (ideal forms) http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP Material world Perception Ideas (ideal forms) http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP DISHES THING Material world Perception Temporary, unstable Ideas (ideal forms) Soul http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP DISHES THING https://www.google.cz/search?q=parthenon+optical+illusion&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:Cep4xGmedLtoIjiYWW xFjsJ55IJhzPYbPG5tLV1IuUuT16- LZ8KRO29Z7mDP4TOBE5jXVYVC0VP9zZP0lVWJzUWudSoSCZhZbEWOwnnkEby- lilL8eYIKhIJgmHM9hs8bm0Ri7nPzorVAJ0qEgktXUi5S5PXrxHO7RBEw67e3CoSCYtnwpE7b1nuEWiEjpL24KYO KhIJYM_1hM4ETmNcRxzIwCqBNCPgqEglVhULRU_13NkxH- 8eV8CpFepCoSCfSVVYnNRa51EaaAZpqd1qCm&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxv8K14tzZAhXMAMAKHWiBB qgQ9C8IHA&biw=1366&bih=626&dpr=1#imgrc=i2fCkTtvWe4qdM: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CafeWallIllusion.html We cannot fully trust perception https://www.google.cz/search?q=parthenon+optical+illusion&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:Cep4xGmedLtoIjiYWW xFjsJ55IJhzPYbPG5tLV1IuUuT16- LZ8KRO29Z7mDP4TOBE5jXVYVC0VP9zZP0lVWJzUWudSoSCZhZbEWOwnnkEby- lilL8eYIKhIJgmHM9hs8bm0Ri7nPzorVAJ0qEgktXUi5S5PXrxHO7RBEw67e3CoSCYtnwpE7b1nuEWiEjpL24KYO KhIJYM_1hM4ETmNcRxzIwCqBNCPgqEglVhULRU_13NkxH- 8eV8CpFepCoSCfSVVYnNRa51EaaAZpqd1qCm&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxv8K14tzZAhXMAMAKHWiBB qgQ9C8IHA&biw=1366&bih=626&dpr=1#imgrc=i2fCkTtvWe4qdM: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CafeWallIllusion.html We cannot fully trust perception Material world Perception Temporary, unstable Ideas (ideal forms) Soul http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP DISHES THING Generalization UNIVERSAL ASPECT OF EVERYTHING SET OF ATOMS EXISTENCE Indeterminate Pair of big and small Spirit One Material world Perception Temporary, unstable Ideas (ideal forms) Soul http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP DISHES THING Generalization UNIVERSAL ASPECT OF EVERYTHING SET OF ATOMS EXISTENCE Indeterminate Pair of big and small Spirit One Material world Perception Temporary, unstable Ideas (ideal forms) Soul http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP DISHES THING Generalization 1 2 3 4 Eternal Indeterminate Pair of big and small Spirit One Material world Perception Temporary, unstable Ideas (ideal forms) Soul Eternal, created http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP DISHES THING Generalization 1 2 3 4 1 x 1 = 1 Eternal Indeterminate Pair of big and small Spirit One Material world Perception Temporary, unstable Ideas (ideal forms) Soul Eternal, created Active principle Passive principle Principle of cognition http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p roducts/tableware/glassescups mugs/f%C3%A4rgrik-mug- turquoise-art-50234803/ https://www.vibrantho me.co.uk/rice-dk-apple- green-small-melamine- kids-cup.html https://www.dhgate.com/pro duct/minecraft-creeper-face- ceramic-mug- coffee/269525497.html CUP DISHES THING Generalization UNIVERSAL ASPECT OF EVERYTHING SET OF ATOMS EXISTENCE Western Christian Tradition https://pastorfergus.files.word press.com/2011/06/the-holy- trinity.png https://www.wikiart.org/en/el-greco/the-holy-trinity-1577 Complementary ways of thinking Analysis Categorization Anticipation Expectation Complementary ways of thinking Analysis Categorization Anticipation Expectation Complementary ways of thinking Analysis Categorization Anticipation Expectation Information NEOCORTEX vs Complex information NEOCORTEX/limbic system vs Values/Philosophy/Faith Neocortex/LIMBIC SYSTEM http://www.coaching.net.nz/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/Iceberg-for-blog-from-J- e1371521135440.jpg „ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts“ Aristoteles Limbic system and neocortex Society https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache- ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone- age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ek mps/shops/bduimportsltd/images/condo r-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg https://fashionexposedonline.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/limbic.jpg Analysis Categorization Knowledge Rationalism Anticipation Expectation Belief Spiritualism Complementary ways of thinking