HANDOUT 5 – SS 2017 A) Greek roots denoting physiological/pathological states and processes genitive stem (nom. sg. in brackets) English equivalent example Explain the meaning of the terms -aesthesia to feel, perceive anaesthesia dysaesthesia -algia pain cephalalgia -genes originating from sth sinusitis odontogenes toxicosis exogenes -genesis development odontogenesis -lithiasis stones nephrolithiasis -lysis relaxation, decomposition spasmolysis -malacia abnormal softening, loss of tissues consistency myelomalacia -odynia pain mastodynia -omatosis formation of multiple tumours osteomatosis -paresis weakness of voluntary movement hemiparesis -pathia unspecified pathology psychopathia -penia lack, shortage of sth leucocytopenia HANDOUT 5 – SS 2017 -phobia fear of sth claustrophobia -plasia formation, development hyperplasia -plegia total paralysis gastroplegia -pnoe (pnein) breathing eupnoe dyspnoe apnoe -ptosis prolapsed organ/body part, downward displacement metroptosis -rrhagia bleeding enterorrhagia -rrhoea flow, discharge pyorrhoea otorrhoea -schisis cleft, division cheilognathoschisis -spasmus spasm bronchospasmus -stasis/-stasia standing, stopping of sth astasia venostasis -tensio blood pressure hypertensio -ton- tension, pressure hypertonia hypotonia troph- nutrition, development eutrophia dystrophia atrophia HANDOUT 5 – SS 2017 B) Greek roots denoting medical interventions and examinations genitive stem (nom. sg. in brackets) English translation example Explain the meaning of the terms -anastomosis1 connecting two parts of sth ileorectoanastomosis -ectomia excision, removal cholecystectomia -graphia recording, image of hysterographia -metria measurement of pupillometria -plastica plastic surgery otoplastica -rrhaphia surgical suturing of cheilorrhaphia -scopia examination, inspection ophthalmoscopia -stomia making an opening tracheostomia -therapia treatment of sth chemotherapia -tomia incision, cutting into tympanotomia 1 The term anastomosis is also used for a pathological state of an abnormal connection between two body parts, esp. passages, cavities, or vessels. In this sense, it is also called fistula. HANDOUT 5 – SS 2017 EXERCISES 1. Find improper pairs: • angiectomia – vena • cholecystolithiasis - cellula • splanchnopathia – vesica • cholaemia – bilis • myelorrhagia – medulla • adenographia – glandula 2. Create terms using the roots and prefixes/suffixes: meninx related to meninx (membrane of the brain) .................................................................. inflammation of meninges .................................................................. enteron related to intestines .................................................................. pain in intestines .................................................................. stones in intestines .................................................................. myelos inflammation of spinal cord .................................................................. fissure of the spinal cord tissues .................................................................. surgical incision to spinal cord .................................................................. pathological softening of spinal cord .................................................................. 3. Analyse the structure of the following terms. Translate the terms: Example: hypoglycaemia: hypo-glyc-aem-ia = abnormally low concentration of glucose in blood compound word analysis translation cephalalgia cholecystolithiasis myodystrophia neuropathia HANDOUT 5 – SS 2017 cardiophobia palatoschisis encephalodysplasia hydrorrhoea rhinorrhagia pancreatolysis nephroptosis pyodermatitis hypopyrexia haemostasis 4. Give the one-word medical terms to the English definitions/equivalents: .................................................................. bleeding from the stomach .................................................................. stomach ache .................................................................. spasm of the stomach .................................................................. downward displacement of the stomach .................................................................. inflammation of the stomach .................................................................. loss of tone in the stomach musculature .................................................................. unspecified disease of the stomach .................................................................. paralysis of the stomach 5. Analyze the meaning of medical terms including Greek root odont- (=tooth): ODONTALGIA ........................................................................................................................ PERIODONTITIS ........................................................................................................................ ODONTOHYPERAESTHESIA ........................................................................................................................ ODONTOLOGIA ........................................................................................................................ ODONTOMA ........................................................................................................................ ODONTOGENESIS ........................................................................................................................ HANDOUT 5 – SS 2017 ODONTOPHOBIA ........................................................................................................................ ODONTOSCOPIA ........................................................................................................................ ODONTECTOMIA ........................................................................................................................ 6. Form medical terms using the root my-o(s)- (= muscle): Benign tumor in a smooth muscle .................................................................. Inflammation of a muscle .................................................................. Formation of multiple tumors in a smooth muscle .................................................................. Heart muscle .................................................................. Muscular tissue in the uterus .................................................................. (adj.) Referring to the heart muscle .................................................................. Recording the strength of a muscle contraction .................................................................. Medical field studying muscles .................................................................. Removal of a muscular tissue tumour .................................................................. Surgical incision to a muscle .................................................................. Plastic surgery to repair a muscle .................................................................. 7. Use expressions in the table to form the defined medical terms: tomia ectomia stomia graphia plastica therapia stomosis scopia metria a) ___________________________: measurement of dimensions of the head b) ___________________________: treatment of a disease by means of ionizing radiation c) ___________________________: surgical formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach d) ___________________________: surgical excision of the gallbladder e) ___________________________: endoscopic examination of the colon f) ___________________________: surgical repair of a defect of the lip ch) ___________________________: surgical incision of the appendix g) Electro-___________________________: recording of electrical impulses produced by the brain activity (EEG) h) ___________________________: surgical connection of two parts of the intestine