Revision ??? —How many declensions are there in Latin? —How do you decide on the declension of a noun? oAccording to the genitive ending of the noun. —What are the Genitive endings of particular cases? ¡1st -ae; 2nd -i; 3rd -is; 4th -us; 5th -ei —What is Genitive stem and how do you recognize it? ¡a stem is a form to which affixes can be attached ¡we take genitive form and we remove the genitive ending ÷vena, ven-ae ÷musculus, muscul-i; diameter, diametr-i ÷auris, aur-is; corpus, corpor-is ÷arcus, arc-us; genu, gen-us ÷facies, faci-ei Determine the stem of the following nouns and their declension: •cornu, us n _____________ —systema, atis n_____________ —paries, etis m_____________ —articulatio, onis f _____________ —oedema, atis n _____________ —vertebra, ae f _____________ —morbus, i m ______________ —processus, us m _____________ —facies, ei m _____________ — —tendo, inis m _____________ —os, ossis n _____________ —caries, ei f _____________ —mandibula, ae f _____________ —lac, lactis n _____________ —remedium, ii n _____________ —sanguis, inis m _____________ —pars, partis f _____________ — E.g.: Nom.Sg. – cornu, Gen. Sg.–cornus, the stem – corn, the 4th declension. —How do neuters behave? ¡Nominative and accusative are identical in both singular and plural ¡Nominative plural ending is -a —What is the function of Genitive? ¡It expresses dependency of two nouns, possession ¡It is translated into English using „of“ —How does a word behave after a preposition? ¡Its accusative or ablative form is used —Name 5 prepositions connected with accusative and 5 with ablative. ¡Accusative – ad, post, ante, propter, inter, per, prope, contra, intra, extra ¡Ablative – a/ab, cum, sine, e/ex, pro ¡Both cases – in, sub Adjectives —Latin adjectives are declined according to what paradigms: ¡1st and 2nd declension: bonus, a, um ÷Like paradigms nervus (m.), vena (f.),septum (n.) ¡3rd declension: acer, acris, acre; brevis, e; simplex, simplicis ÷Like paradigms auris (m.+f.) and rete (n.) ÷Ablative singular has ALWAYS ending - i —Latin adjective has to match the noun in...? ¡gender, case, number ¡thus the endings do NOT have to look the same! Ødiabetes mellitus, gen.: diabetae melliti Ørete venosum, gen.: retis venosi Øvulnus lacerum, gen.: vulneris laceri Ømanus dextra, gen.: manus dextrae Øetc... Ø Ø Ø cornu, us n (coccygeus, a, um) —cornu coccygeum - coc·cyg·e·al cornu - two processes that project upward from the dorsum of the base of the coccyx to articulate with the sacral cornua. Synonym(s): cornu coccygeum, coccygeal horn, cornua coccygealia systema, atis n (nervosus,a, um) —Systema nervosum - nervous system - the organ system that, along with the endocrine system, correlates the adjustments and reactions of an organism to internal and environmental conditions. Septum nasi, i n (osseus, a, um) —Septum nasi osseum – bony nasal septum - the bones supporting the bony part of the nasal septum; these are the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, the vomer, the sphenoidal rostrum, the crest of the nasal bones, the frontal spine, and the median crest formed by the apposition of the maxillary and palatine bones. columna, ae f (vertebralis,e) —Columna vertebralis - vertebral column - the series of vertebrae that extend from the cranium to the coccyx, providing support and forming a flexible bony case for the spinal cord. Synonyms: columna vertebralis, spine, backbone, dorsal spine, rachis, spina dorsalis, spinal column, vertebrarum colon, i n (transversus, a, um) —Colon transversum - transverse colon - The part of the colon that lies across the upper part of the abdominal cavity. processus, us m (transversus, a, um) vertebrae —Processus transversus vertebrae - transverse process of vertebra - a bony protrusion on either side of the arch of a vertebra, from the junction of the lamina and pedicle, which functions as a lever for attached muscles. arcus, us m (alveolaris, e) —Arcus alveolaris – alveolar arch - the part of the upper or lower jawbones in which the teeth are set — os, ossis n (ethmoidalis,e) —Os ethmoidale - ethmoid bone - an irregularly shaped bone lying between the orbital plates of the frontal bone and anterior to the sphenoid bone of the cranium folium, i n (viridis, e) —Folium viride – green leaf facies, ei f (temporalis, e) —Facies temporalis - temporal surface - the surface of a bone that contributes to the formation of the temporal fossa cor, cordis n (pulmonalis, e) —Cor pulmonale - pulmonary heart disease is an increase in bulk of the right ventricle of the heart, generally caused by chronic diseases or malfunction of the lungs. This condition can lead to heart failure. apertura, ae f (externus, a, um) —Apertura externa – external opening – e.g. apertura externa canalis carotici - external opening of carotid canal - a roughly circular opening on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone by which the internal carotid artery enters the carotid canal — tela, ae f (spongiosus, a, um) —Tela spongiosa - the part of a bone (as much of the epiphyseal area of long bones) made up of spongy cancellous bone musculus, i m (glutaeus, a ,um) —Musculus glutaeus – gluteal muscle - any of the three muscles that form the buttocks: the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. Confusing words I —Tell the difference between the words and make up illustrative phrases: ¡dislocatio, onis, f. X dislocatus, a, um ÷fractura costae verae secundae l.sin. dislocata ÷dislocatio articulationis sacroiliacae l.dx. ¡ruptura, ae, f. X ruptus, rupta, ruptum ÷ruptura tendinum manus dextrae ÷sutura parietis vaginae ruptae post partum ¡perforatio, onis, f. X perforatus, a, um/perforans, ntis ÷perforatio parietis gastris propter ulcus ÷ulcus duodeni perforatum/perforans ¡suspicio, onis f. X suspectus, a, um ÷suspicio carcinomatis mammae l.sin. ÷Infractio partis distalis tibiae l.dx. suspecta Confusing words II Match the nouns with the pictures http://k12insightblogs.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/part-of-the-whole-01.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hrad_Oparno,_ze%C4%8F_a_Mile%C5%A1ovka.JP G/290px-Hrad_Oparno,_ze%C4%8F_a_Mile%C5%A1ovka.JPG http://img.aktualne.centrum.cz/580/68/5806802-smrt-nehoda-tragedie.jpg http://i.idnes.cz/07/122/cl/SPI1fd376_nemoc3.jpg http://zoom.iprima.cz/sites/default/files/image_crops/image_620x349/d/379186_nejjedovatejsi-hadi-za kousnuta-svihovka_image_620x349.JPG http://www.arthurkilmurray.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/hqdefault.jpg morsus pars mors morbus paries fascia facies — http://www.jenzeny.cz/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/imagemanager/soubory/people/tv4.jpg Confusing words II Match the nouns with the pictures http://k12insightblogs.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/part-of-the-whole-01.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hrad_Oparno,_ze%C4%8F_a_Mile%C5%A1ovka.JP G/290px-Hrad_Oparno,_ze%C4%8F_a_Mile%C5%A1ovka.JPG http://img.aktualne.centrum.cz/580/68/5806802-smrt-nehoda-tragedie.jpg http://i.idnes.cz/07/122/cl/SPI1fd376_nemoc3.jpg http://zoom.iprima.cz/sites/default/files/image_crops/image_620x349/d/379186_nejjedovatejsi-hadi-za kousnuta-svihovka_image_620x349.JPG http://www.arthurkilmurray.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/hqdefault.jpg morsus, us, m. pars, tis, f. mors, tis, f. morbus, i, m. paries, etis, m. fascia, ae, f. — http://www.jenzeny.cz/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/imagemanager/soubory/people/tv4.jpg facies, ei, f. ať studenti teď zkusí vytvořit nějaké fráze Translate —rupture of the wide fascia ¡ruptura fasciae latae —death after an animal bite ¡mors post morsum animalis —parts of a gall bladder ¡partes vesicae felleae —pelvic surface of sacral bone ¡facies pelvina ossis sacri —infectious diseases ¡morbi contagiosi —perforation of the wall of the stomach ¡perforatio parietis gastris http://images.slideplayer.com.br/12/3764838/slides/slide_3.jpg Form phrases from words in boxes and translate them into English medicamenta contagiosum morbum contra medicamenta contra morbum infectiosum medicaments against infectious disease acutus pulmonis dolor dextri dolor acutus pulmonis dextri acute pain of right lung symptomata hepatitidis acutae symptomata hepatitidis acutae symptoms of acute inflammation of the liver collapsus periculum digestorii systematis periculum collapsus systematis digestorii danger of a collapse of the digestive system