HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
1) PRESCRIPTION TYPES
Prescriptions can be classified as individually prepared or ready-made.
a) Individually prepared medication, also called magistraliter (from Latin word
magister – teacher) is an order that requires mixing of one or more ingredients (active
medicaments) with one or more pharmaceutical necessities (vehicle, suspending
agent). The physician selects the drugs, doses, and pharmaceutical form that he/she
desires and the pharmacist prepares the medication accordingly. The name of each
drug is placed on a separate line right under the preceding one. The order of the
ingredients is as follows:
Remedium cardinale (basis). The basis is the principal drug and gives the prescription its
chief action.
Remedium adjuvans (adjuvant). The adjuvant is a drug that aids or increases the power of the
principal ingredient.
Remedium corrigens (corrective). The corrective modifies or corrects undesirable effects of
the basic or adjuvant.
Remedium constituens (vehicle). The vehicle is the agent used as a solvent in the solution to
increase the size and volume or to dilute the mixture. The most potent or principal drug is
written first, the other ingredient second, and the vehicle last, as shown in the example.
E.g.: Invocatio: Rp./ (= Recipe = take!)
Ordinatio: Natrii bromati (bromatis) 6,0 Rem. cardinale
Phenobarbitali 0,6 Rem. adjuvans
Sirupi Menthae 60,0 Rem. corrigens
Aquae destillatae ad 300,0 Rem. constituens
Subscriptio: M. f. mixt.
= Misce fiat mixtura = Mix (the ingredients) to obtain a mixture.
Signatura: D. S.
= Da. Signa. = Give! Sign! Jedna lžička třikrát denně po jídle.
(= One tablespoon 3 times a day after meal).
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
b) Ready-made medication, or specialitas, does not require mixing of two or more
ingredients to obtain the final product. It consists of a drug or a mixture of drugs
supplied by a pharmaceutical company by its official or proprietary name and, if it
contains more than one substance, the specific ingredients do not have to be listed.
Usually, it is distinguishable by the abbreviation Exp. orig. (= Expeditio originalis =
original package).
E.g.: Invocatio: Rp. (= Recipe = take!)
Ordinatio: Ospamox 750 mg tbl. (= tabulettas)
Exp. orig. No. II.
(=expeditiones originales numero duas = two original packages)
Signatura: D. S.
(= Da. Signa. = Give! Sign!) Jedna tableta každých 12 hodin po dobu dvou týdnů. (= One
tablet every 12 hours for two weeks).
CZECH MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
2) PARTS OF THE PRESCRIPTION
a) INSCRIPTIO
The name and the surname of the doctor, the hospital, clinic or polyclinic medical center,
their address, and the date. The date is important to determine the expiration of the
prescription. The prescription of narcotics and controlled substances is governed by special
laws and regulations.
b) NOMEN AEGROTI
Name, address and age of the patient. This part serves to identify for whom the prescription is
intended. The full name and the address are required by law on all prescriptions for controlled
substances. The age of the patient is a good additional piece of information, especially with
pediatric pаtients where dosage calculations have to be double-checked for safety. This part
may be located on the designated area, or after the last drug on the back of the form.
c) INVOCATIO
Consists of the message to the chemist/pharmacist, and it includes only the formula Rp. – an
abbreviation for Recipe meaning Take! in Latin.
d) ORDINATIO
This is the main part of the medical prescription. There are the names of medicinal
substances, the medicinal forms, and the dosages (in the magistraliter prescriptions) or brand
name (in the specialitas prescriptions).
Magistraliter: The medicinal substances are required to begin with a capital letter and to be
in genitive (since it is always a particular amount OF...). The dosage is noted after the
substance or medicinal form using metric units (grams) and Arabic decimal numerals
Specialitas: Brand names are written with capital letter, but these are not inflected and are
written as seen in the original packaging. Then the number of original packages (ready-made
medicines) is given in Roman numerals and full word in the brackets in accusative using the
Exp. orig. formula (or its versions like Tbl. orig.).
e) SUBSCRIPTIO
In this part there are, if necessary, instructions to the chemist on how to make the preparation
and the number of doses, or medicinal forms to be supplied to the patient, usually introduced
by the M. f. formula (Misce fiat = mix to make...!).
f) SIGNATURA
This part conventionally starts with the D.S. formula (Da. Signa. = Give!Sign!). Notes
intended for the patient are written in Czech. It provides instructions on how the medicine
should be taken. This information must be sufficient to allow the patient to understand fully
the amount of the drug product to be taken and the frequency and manner of administration.
g) NOMEN MEDICI
The signature of the doctor may be placed on the designated area, or after the last drug, and
this is for identification data.
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
3) FORMS OF PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS AND AGENTS
capsula (e.g. mollis/enterosolvens =
soft/dissolvable in gastrointestinal tract) =
capsule
fascia (e.g. hydrophila) = tightening
bandage
lana = cotton wool
granulum (e.g. effervescens) = granulated
powder
charta = paper
ligamentum = bandage
pulvis (e.g. nasalis/adspersorius) = powder
species = mixtures to make tea
tabuletta (e.g. obducta) = tablet
tela (e.g. hydrophila)= gauze
filum (e.g. sterile) = thread
emplastrum = sticking-plaster
globulus (e.g vaginalis) = globule, ball
unguentum = ointment
pasta (e.g. dentrifricia = tooth-) = paste
sapo, onis, m. (e.g. kalinus = potassium) =
soap
stylus (e.g. nasalis) = stick
suppositorium (e.g. rectale) = suppository
vaselinum (e.g. flavum/purum) = vaseline
cremor (e.g. refrigerans = cooling) = cream
guttae (e.g. oculoguttae) = drops
decoctum = decoction
infusio (e.g. sodii chloridi) = infusion
oleum = oil
tinctura (e.g. opii = of opium) = alcoholic
solution made from plants
spuma (e.g. dermalis) = foam
4) PARTS OF PLANTS USED IN PHARMACOLOGY
flos, ris, m. (e.g. tiliae, sumbuci) = flowers
folium, ii, n. (e.g. menthae, salviae) = leaves
fructus, us, m. (e.g. foeniculi) = fruit
herba, ae, f. (e.g.absynthii, thymi) = herbs, tops of plants
lignum, i, n. (e.g. cinammi) = wood
radix, cis, f. (e.g. liquiritiae) = roots
resina, ae, f. (e.g. cannabis) = resin
semen, inis, n. (e.g. arnicae) = seeds
succus, i, m. (e.g. belladonnae) = draught, juice
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
5) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN MEDICAL PRECRIPTIONS
a) VERBAL FORMS, INSTRUCTIONS
abbreviation full form translation
add. adde/addatur/addantur add/it should be added/they should be added
d. s. da signa/detur signetur give and sign/it should be given and signed
d./dent. da/detur/dentur give/it should be given/they should be given
d./div. divide/dividatur divide/it should be divided
div. in dos. aeq. divide in doses aequales divide in equal doses
d. t. d. dentur tales doses such doses should be given
disp. dispensa/dispensetur divide, distribute/it should be divided, distributed
f. fiat/fiant it should be made/they should be made
m. misce/misceatur it should be mixed/they should be mixed
m. f. misce fiat/misce fiant mix, it should be made/mix, they should be made
rep. repete/repetatur repeat/it should be repeated
rp. recipe take
s./sig. signa/signetur sign/it should be signed
solv. solve dissolve
sterilis. sterilisetur it should be sterilised
ut f. ut fiat… in order to make... (sth)
b) FORMS OF MEDICATIONS
abbreviation full form translation
caps./cps. capsula/capsulae capsule/capsules
comp. compositus, a, um composed of more constituents
conc. concentratus, a, um concentrated
decoct. decoctum decoction
drg. dragées dragee, coated pill
empl. emplastrum sticking-plaster
extr.
extr. fluid.
extr. sicc. /exsicc.
extr. spiss.
extractum
extractum fluidum
extractum siccum/exsiccatum
extractum spissum
extract
liquid extract
dry/dried extract
thick, dense extract
garg. gargarisma gargling water
glob. globuli globules
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
gtt./gutt. guttae drops
gossyp. gossypium cotton wool
herb. herba plant, herb
inf. infusio infusion
inj.
inj. i. c.
inj. i. m.
inj. i. v.
inj. subcut.
injectio
injectio intracutanea
injectio intramuscularis
injectio intravenosa
injectio subcutanea
injection
injection into the skin
injection into the muscle
injection into the vein
injection under the skin
linim. linimentum liniment
liq. liquidum liquid
mixt. mixtura mixture
ol. oleum oil
past. pasta paste
p.o. peroralis/per os taken perorally (through mouth)
pro adult.
pro inf.
pro adultis
pro infantibus
for adults
for children
pulv./plv.
pulv. adsp.
pulv. div.
pulvis/pulveres
pulvis adspersorius
pulveres divisi
powder/powders
dusting powder
divided powders
sir. sirupus sirup
sol. solutio/solubilis/solutus solution/dissolvable/dissolved
sp./spec. species tea mixture
succ. succus juice, draught
supp. suppositorium/suppositoria suppository
susp. suspensio suspension
tbl.
tbl. efferv.
tbl. obd.
tabulettae
tabulettae effervescentes
tabulettae obductae
tablets
effervescent tablets
coated tablets
tinct. tinctura tincture
ung. unguentum ointment
b) OTHER INSTRUCTIONS concerning dosage, storage, etc.
abbreviation full form translation
aa ana (partes aequales) in equal quantities
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
ad amp.
ad caps.
ad ch (art). (cer.)
ad lag.
ad man. med.
ad oll.
ad sacc.
ad scat.
ad us. ext.
ad us. int.
ad us. propr.
ad vitr.
ad vitr. fusc.
ad ampullam
ad capsulam/-as
ad chartam ceratam
ad lagoenam
ad manus medici
ad ollam
ad saccos
ad scatulam/as
ad usum externum
ad usum internum
ad usum proprium
ad vitrum
ad vitrum fuscum
into ampule
into capsule/s
into waxed sachet
into bottle
into the hands of doctor
into gallipot
into sachets
into box/es
for external use
for internal use
for one's own use
into glass (bottle)
into the brown bottle
aliq. aliquot a little of
aq.
aq. dest.
aq. pro inj.
aq. purif.
aq. steril.
aqua
aqua destillata
aqua pro injectione
aqua purificata
aqua sterilisata
water
distilled water
water for injection
purified water
sterilized water
c. cum with
cochl. mag./parv. cochlear magnum/parvum table-/teaspoon
comp. compositus composite, combined
conc. concentratus concentrated
ctr. contra against
d. dies, ei, m. day
dil. dilutus dissolved
dupl. duplex double
exp. orig. expeditio originalis/expeditiones originales original packaging (sg./pl.)
fort. fortis strong
fortiss. fortissimus the strongest
guttator. guttatorium drop-glass, dropper
h. hora, ae, f hour
l. a./leg. art. lege artis according to the rules of medicine
m. p. manu propria (signed) with one's own hand
no. numero in number
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
p. d. pro dosi per dose
p. die pro die per day
praec. praecipitatus precipitated
q. s. quantum satis as much as it is necessary
simpl. simplex simple
s. n. suo nomine (mark) with its name
spir(it). spiritus spirit, grain alcohol
s. s. v. sub signo veneni under the sign of poison
tot. totus, a, um all, whole
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
Match the pictures with the terms above:
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
EXPLAIN THE SAMPLES OF MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS
analgeticum + antipyreticum diureticum
antimycoticum
antacidum
urologicum antidotum
gynaecologicum antibioticum
myorelaxans immunostimulans
Rp.
acetylsalicylici
Paracetamoli aa 0,3
Codeinii dihydrogenphosphorici 0,02
Coffeini cum natrio benzoico 0,1
Magnesii oxydati 0,05
M. f. pulv.
D. t. d. No. XX (viginti) ad caps.
S. 3krát denně 1 prášek.
Rp.
Extracti belladonnae sicci 0,4
Papaverinii chlorati 1,0
Magnesii oxydati 20,0
M. f. pulv.
Div. in dos. aeq. No. XX (viginti) ad caps.
D. S. 3krát denně 1 prášek mezi dvěma jídly.
Rp.
Aminophyllini 1,8
Olei cacao q. s. ut f. supp.
D. t. d. No. VI (sex)
S. 2krát denně zavést 1 čípek do konečníku.
Rp.
Ureae 40,0
Acidi lactici 1,0
Ung. lanalcoli 20,0
Cerae albae 5,0
Vaselini albi ad 100,0
M. f. ung. Týden používat v okluzním obvazu na nehty
před aplikací antimykotik.
Rp.
Acidi borici pulv. 100,0
D. ad scat.
S. Jednu lžíci na litr teplé vody k výplachům.
Rp.
Mydocalm 150 mg tbl. p. o. 30 x 150 mg
Exp. orig. No. III (tres)
D. S. 3krát 1 tableta denně.
Rp.
Framykoin plv. ads. 1 x 20 gm
Exp. orig. No. II (duas)
D. S. Aplikovat 2krát denně na postižená místa po dobu
10 dnů.
Rp.
Imunor p. o. 4 x 10 mg
Exp. orig. No. I (unam)
D. S. Dle rozpisu.
Rp.
Herbae equiseti
Folii uvae ursi aa 15,0
Herbae herniariae
Radicis levistici aa 20,0
Folii betulae 30,0
M. f. spec.
D. S. 1 lžíce na šálek nálevu. Denně vypít 3 – 4 šálky.
Rp.
Carbonis adsorbentis 30,0
Magnesii sulfurici
(seu Natrii sulfurici) 15,0
Aquae purificatae ad 300,0
M. f. susp.
D. S. Cum formula. Pro medico. Po ukončení výplachu
vstříknout do žaludku.
HANDOUT 7 (SS 2017)
antidepresivum hypnoticum
Rp.
Asentra 50 tbl. p. o. 28 x 50 mg
Exp. orig. No. IV (quattuor)
D. S. 2 tablety denně.
Rp.
Amobarbitali 0,15
Codeinii dihydrogenphosphorici 0,03
Aminophenazoni 0,25
Olei cacao q. s. ut f. supp.
D. t. dos. No VI (sex)
S. Na noc zavést 1 čípek.