DIENCEPHALON
hypothalamus
thalamus
(metathalamus)
epithalamus
sulcus hypothalamicus
subthalamus
other medial nuclei
THALAMIC NUCLEI
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THALAMIC NCLL.
specific ncll.
non-specific ncll.
association ncll.
somatosenzory
senzory
motor
SPECIFIC THALAMIC NUCLEI
somatosenzor. inf.
by tr. spinothal. and LM
somatosenzor. inf.
from trigem. system
from cerebellum
from globus
pallidus and SN
ncl. corporis geniculati
lat. (radiatio optica)
ncl. corporis geniculati
med. (radiatio acustica)
AFFERENTATION OF CORTEX BY
SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC THALAMIC NCLL.
CORTEX
specific pathway non-specific pathway
THALAMUS
NON-SPECIFIC THALAMIC NUCLEI
ncll. paraventriculares
ncll. intralaminares
ncl. reticularis th.
CM= ncl. centromedianus
anterior
thalamic ncl.
FUNCTIONAL PATHWAYS OF ASSOCIATION THALAMIC NUCLEI
cortexcortex
HYPOTHALAMIC NCLL.
anterior middle posterior
rostral dorsal
III.
PERIVENTRICULAR ROW
MEDIAL ROWS
LATERAL
ROW
LATERAL
ROW
Basic arrangement of hypothalamic nuclei
ANTERIOR GROUP
Periventricular row
Medial row
MIDDLE GROUP POSTERIOR GROUP
ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS
Ncl. suprachiasmaticus – afferentation from retina - generator
of circadian rhythms
Ncl. preopticus – different structure in female and male –
control of individual sexual behavior, behavior associated with
maternity; regulation of body temperature
Ncl. supraopticus and paraventricularis (magnocellular component) –
tractus hypothalamo-hypophysialis – transport of hormones into
neurohypophysis
Ncl. paraventricularis (parvocellular component) - capillary network in
eminentia medialis – control of adenohypophysis - hypothalamohypophysial
portal pathway
MIDDLE HYPOTHALAMUS
Ncl. arcuatus - capillary network in eminentia medialis – control of
adenohypophysis - hypothalamo-hypophysial portal pathway
Ncl. ventromedialis – control of food intake (apestat)
Ncl. tuberales - capillary network in eminentia medialis – control of
adenohypophysis - hypothalamo-hypophysial portal pathway
Hypothalamo-hypophysial pathway
posterior
lobus of
hypophysis
stemneurohypophysis
vasopressin
antidiuretic
hormon (ADH)
paraventricular ncl.
supraoptic ncl.
Hypothalamo-hypophysial portal pathway
eminentia medialis
with primary vascular plexus
hypophysial
portal vein
secondary vascular plexus
Superior hypophyseal artery
ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
Hormones to
cavernous sinus