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Female genital organs
Ovary (ovarium)
Phalopian tube (tuba
uterina)
Uterus
Vagina
Internal female genital organs
OVARY Extremitas tubaria
(superior)
Extremitas uterina
(inferior)
Facies medialis
Facies lateralis
Margo mesovaricus
(anterior)
Margo liber
(posterior)
Lig. suspensorium ovarii (vasa ovarica)
Lig. ovarii proprium
Hilus ovarii
Mesovarium
Lig. latum uteri
Germinative
epithelium
Tunica albuginea
Cortex ovarii
folliculi ovarici
corpora lutea
Medulla ovarii
Histology of ovarium Folliculi ovarici primarii (300 000- 400 000)
Folliculus ovaricus vesiculosus (Graaf´s)
Ovulation
Corpus luteum
menstruationis
graviditatis
Corpus albicans
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Hypophysis a) FSH b) LH = gonadotropin hormones
Ovarian cycle
Hypophysis
Ovary -
hormones
Ovulation
cycle
Uterus -
menstr.cycle
Ovary - cortex with folicule, medulla
1. antrum folliculi (liquor folliculi)
2. membrana granulosa
3. oocyt (cumulus oophorus)
4. theca folliculi interna
5. theca folliculi externa
Folliculus ovaricus vesiculosus (Graaf´s)
Ovum : zona pellucida, granulosa
Ovulation
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Corpus luteum
OVARIAN CYCLE
Nullipara – fossa ovarica (in front of a. iliaca int.)
Multipara – Claudius fossa (behind a. iliaca int.)
LOCALIZATION OF OVARY
TUBA UTERINA (SALPINX)
Infundibulum tubae uterinae
ostium abdominale tubae
fimbriae (fimbria ovarica)
Ampulla tubae uterinae
Isthmus tubae uterinae
Pars uterina tubae uterinae
ostium uterinum tubae
OSTIUM ABDOMINALE TUBAE UTERINAE
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HISTOLOGY OF PHALOPIAN TUBE
1. Mucosal folds
(cylind. epithelium cilliated)
2. Circular muscular layer
3. Longitudinal muscular layer
4. tunica serosa
5. mesosalpinx
Tuba uterina – mucosal fold = cylindric. epithelium – 1. secretory cells - 2
• from uterus runs laterally to the pelvic wall
• dorsocranially to the upper pole of ovary
• fimbriae rotated to fac. medialis ovarii
PHALOPIAN TUBE COURSE UTERUS (HYSTERA, METRA)
Fundus
Corpus
facies vesicalis
facies intestinalis
Cervix
Isthmus uteri
Margo dx. et sin.
Cornu dx. et sin.
lig. teres uteri
lig. ovarii proprium
fundus
corpus
cornu
cervix
ostium uteri
portio vaginalis
cervicis
Cavum uteri (3 ml)
Canalis isthmi
Ostium internum canalis cervicis
Canalis cervicis (plicae palmatae)
Ostium externum canalis cervicis
(= ostium uteri)
Cervix
portio supravaginalis
portio vaginalis
Fornix vaginae
NULLIPARA MULTIPARA
OSTIUM UTERI (OSTIUM EXTERNUM CANALIS CERVICIS)
Labium anterius et posterius
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HISTOLOGY OF UTERUS
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
ENDOMETRIUM
Simple cylindric epithelium
zona basalis
zona functionalis
glandulae uterinae
glandulae cervicales (mucouse closure)
menstruation cycle
menarche
menopausa (climacterium)
ostium uteri (multilayer stratified epithelium)
ISCHEMIE
1. Menstruation phase
2. Proliferation phase
3. Secretory phase
4. Ischemia
Menstruation cycle
1. stratum submucosum
2. stratum vasculosum
3. stratum supravasculosum
4. stratum subserosum
MYOMETRIUM
Myometrium, myocytes – smooth muscles
Lig. latum uteri
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Lig. teres uteri
PERIMETRIUM (VISCERAL PERITONEUM)
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PERIMETRIUM
Excavatio vesicouterina
Excavatio rectouterina
(cavum Douglasi)
PARAMETRIUM
Lig. pubouterinum
lig. pubovesicale
lig. vesicouterinum
Lig. cardinale uteri
Lig. sacrouterinum
plica sacrouterina
m. rectouterinus
Lig. teres uteri
Plica sacrouterina
Lig. teres uteri
Prolapsus
IUD
Intra
uterine
device
intra
uterine
corpuscule
IUC
Anteversion (700 – 1000)
Anteflexion (1000)
POSITION OF UTERUS
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Arteria uterina – anastomosis with a. ovarica (ovarian arcade)
Uterine artery crosses ureter
(2 cm from uterine margine
1,5 cm from fornix vaginae)
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GRAVIDITY
uterus graviditatis – 1000 g
Placenta
Funiculus umbilicalis – 50 cm
(v.umbilicalis, aa. umbilicales)
Brussels
manuscript
9th century
uterus arcuatus uterus subseptus uterus septus uterus bipartitus
uterus duplex uterus duplex uterus duplex
cum vagina septa
uterus unicornis
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HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY VAGINA (KOLPOS) Fornix vaginae
pars anterior et posterior
receptaculum seminis
Paries anterior
crista urethralis
area trigonalis vaginae
Paries posterior
Rugae vaginales
Columna rugarum ant. et post.
Ostium vaginae
(vestibulum vaginae)
Defloration
Carunculae hymenales
Ostium vaginae - hymen
Ostium urethrae ext.
Ostium vaginae
HISTOLOGY OF VAGINA Mucouse membrane
Multilayer squamous epithelium
No glands !!!
submucouse tissue – venous net
Muscular layer
inner - circular
outer - longitudinal
Adventicia
Serosa – excavatio rectouterina
Position of vagina
Ventrocaudal direction
Ventrally:
urinary bladder
urethra - septum urethrovaginale
Dorsally:
excavatio rectouterina
rectum - septum rectovaginale
centrum perineale
m. pubovaginalis
symfýza
promontorium vaginae
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Labia majora pudendi
Labia minora pudendi
Mons pubis
Vestibulum vaginae
Clitoris
Glandulae vestibulares
Bulbi vestibuli
Organa genitalia feminina externa Labia majora pudendi
Sulcus genitofemoralis
Rima pudendi
Commissura labiorum ant.
Mons pubis
Commisura labiorum post.
Pubes
Perineum (raphe perinei)
MONS PUBIS
Pubes
Fatty tissue
Labia minora pudendi Sulcus interlabialis
Vestibulum vaginae
Smegma
Frenulum labiorum pudendi
Fossa navicularis
Praeputium clitoridis
Frenulum clitoridis
CLITORIS
Crura clitoridis
(crista phalica)
Corpus clitoridis
Glans clitoridis
Praeputium clitoridis
Frenulum clitoridis
Corpora cavernosa clitoridis
Lig. fundiforme clitoridis
Lig. suspensorium clitoridis
M. ischiocavernosus
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Tension-free vaginal tape
VESTIBULUM VAGINAE
between labia minora pudendi
Glans clitoridis
(praeputium et frenulum clitoridis)
Ostium urethrae externum
(papilla urethralis, gll. vestib. minores)
Ostium vaginae (hymen)
Fossa navicularis
Frenulum labiorum pudendi
(commisura labiorum pudendi)
BULBI VESTIBULI
Erectile bodies
(corpus spongiosum)
na diaphragma urogenitale
m. bulbospongiosus
(from centrum tendineum
perinei to the dorsum
clitoridis)
commisura bulborum
(mezi glans clitoridis a
ostium urethrae ext.)
GLANDULAE VESTIBULARES MAJORES (BARTHOLINI)
On the diaphragma
urogenitale
Dorsally from bulbi
vestibuli
m. bulbospongiosus
Opene to the vestibulum
vaginae
Diaphragma pelvis et urogenitale
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Diaphragma pelvis
Musculus levator ani (arcus tendineus m. levatoris ani)
musculus pubococcygeus
musculus iliococcygeus
Musculus coccygeus
Hiatus urogenitalis
Lig. anococcygeum
Fascia diaphragmatis pelvis
superior et inferior
Diaphragma urogenitale
Lig. transversum perinei
M. transversus perinei profundus
M. transversus perinei superficialis
M. sphincter urethrae
Fascia diaphragmatis urogenitalis
superior et inferior
FOSSA ISCHIORECTALIS
Mediocranial:
diaphragma pelvis
Lateral:
m. obturatorius int.
fascia obturatoria
(canalis pudendalis)
Ventral:
recessus pubicus
Dorsal:
m. glutaeus maximus
Fascia pelvis parietale
Fascia pelvis viscerale
Arcus tendineus fasciae
pelvis
Cavum pelvis peritoneale
Cavum pelvis subperitoneale
FASCIA PELVIS
m. bulbospongiosus
m. ischiocavernosus
m. sphincter ani ext.
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M. ischiocavernosus
M. bulbospongiosus
M. sphincter ani externus
Fascia perinei superficialis
References:
Putz, R. (2008):
Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books.
Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley (2005):
Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Williams and Wilkins.
Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992):
Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart,
New York, 4th edition.
Čihák, R. (1987): Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické
nakladatelství.
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