SEMINAR 4: NUMERALS LATIN PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES Basic Medical Terminology II REVISION Change the given terms into sg./pl. Øcornu minus Ødentes molares superiores Øcontra dolorem acrem Øsymptoma morbi latentis Øsegmenta anteriora bulborum Øoperatio post trauma gravissimum Øfractura membri inferioris Øamputationes digitorum minimorum Øala major Øante transfusionem necessariam cornua minora dens molaris superior contra dolores acres symptomata morborum latentium segmentum anterius bulbi operationes post traumata gravissima fracturae membrorum inferiorum amputatio digiti minimi alae majores ante transfusiones necessarias REVISION Fill in missing endings ØRamus inferior arteri…… glutae…… superior…… ØStatus post traum…… grav…… ØInfarctus pariet…… anterior…… ventricul…… cord…… sinistr….. ØIn muscul…… latissim…… dors…… ØPulsus frequentissim…… in febr…… acut…… ØExitus post collaps…… circulation…… major…... ØLaesio muscul…… longissim…… thorac…… ØDoses medicament…… minim…… ØIniectio contra dolor…… magn…… ØUlcus peptic…… chronic…… in curvatur…… minor…… — ae ae is is is is is is is a e i i i i i i i a e em um um um um us a o o ae NUMERALS – INTRODUCTION —TYPES: 1.CARDINAL NUMERALS unus, una, unum 2.ORDINAL NUMERALS secundus, a, um 3.MULTIPLE NUMERALS triplex, icis 4.NUMERAL ADVERBS quater — ÷ — ORDINAL NUMERALS 1-10 11-12 primus, a, um undecimus, a, um secundus, a, um duodecimus, a, um tertius, a, um • • quartus, a, um quintus, a, um sextus, a, um septimus, a, um octavus, a, um nonus, a, um decimus, a, um Øexpress the order in a sequence Ø Ødeclined like the paradigms nervus, vena, septum Ø Øin anatomy, ordinals are used only up to 12 (see the handout Numerals in anatomical and clinical terminology) ,Match the numbers and letters, fill in missing endings and read the ordinal numerals columna_vertebralis.gif 1.Vertebra cervical_ _ C7 2. 2.Fractura vertebra_ coccyge_ _ Co3 3. 3.Contusio vertebr_ _ _ _ lumbal_ _ _ L1-L2 4. 4.Vertebr_ _ sacral_ _ S1-S5 5. 5.Operatio vertebr_ _ thoracic_ _ Th8-Th9 6. 6.Columna vertebr_ _ _ _ A B C D E F Nervi craniales S rimskymi cislicami.png NERVI CRANIALES How to express a degree/stage of an injury/illness? —using the noun GRADUS (us, m.) + ordinal numerals —both the noun and the numeral are always in genitive! —e.g. second degree burn of chest, neck and head ¡combustio pectoris, colli et capitis gradus secundi Authentic diagnosis: translate the red parts A 39-year-old man was found in a snowbank, with the ambient temperature -34°C. He had been reported missing the previous evening, after an argument with his girlfriend. The emergency services crew noticed the odor of alcohol in his breath. Large, clear blisters characteristic of severe frostbite were noted on the hands and feet. Of particular note were the left great toe and right thumb with frostbite of the third grade. Subsequently, the patient’s left great toe was amputated. Frostbite.png blister = bulla, ae, f. bullae latae manuum et pedum; congelationes hallucis sinistri et pollicis dextri gradus tertii; amputatio hallucis sinistri MULTIPLE NUMERALS 1-3 many simplex, cis multiplex, multiplicis duplex, cis triplex, cis 1.png Øexpress multiplicity Ønom. sg. -plex; gen. sg. -plicis Ødeclined like 3rd declension — adjectives (paradigms pelvis, rete) Ø — NUMERAL ADVERBS 1-4 semel bis ter quater 2.png vinculatio funiculi umbilicalis.png Øexpress frequency Øindeclinable !!! Funiculus/chorda umbilicalis = umbilical cord COMPOUNDS WITH NUMERAL COMPONENTS ENGLISH LATIN Example GREEK Example one uni- unilateralis unigravida mono- monoplegia first primi- primipara primigravida two (i.e. twice) bi- biceps bilateralis di- diplegia second secundi- secundigravida three tri- triceps trigeminus tri- tricephalus four quadri- quadriceps tetra- tetraplegia half semi- semilunaris hemi- hemiplegia few olig-o- oligodactylia many mult-(i)- multangulus multicellularis poly- polydactylia polyarthritis all, whole pan- panplegia pandemia Match the given terms with corresponding pictures Výsledek obrázku pro polydactyly Výsledek obrázku pro diplegia Výsledek obrázku pro trigeminus Výsledek obrázku pro multangulus •diplegia •multangulus •trigeminus •polydactylia •valvulae semilunares MONOPLEGIA DIPLEGIA TRIPLEGIA TETRAPLEGIA HEMIPLEGIA QUADRIPLEGIA 1 2 3 4 5 Match the pictures with the terms given below Tetraplegia / quadriplegia – diplegia – hemiplegia – triplegia – monoplegia 1. -PARESIS slight, partial paralysis, muscle weakness -PLEGIA stroke, total paralysis Use the given Greek roots to form terms corresponding to the definitions (Handout 4.2, task 2) 1. 1.Partial paralysis of a single limb or one part of the limb 2.Paralysis of a single extremity 3.Paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body 4.Complete paralysis of the lower half of the body including both legs 5.A slight paralysis or weakness of both legs 6.Paralysis affecting only one side of the body 7.Paralysis of an upper and a lower extremity and of the face 8.Paralysis of all four limbs 9.Muscular weakness affecting all four extremities 10. Paralysis of the whole body 11. Weakness on one side of the body — Monoparesis – monoplegia – diplegia – paraplegia – paraparesis – hemiplegia - triplegia – tetraplegia (=quadriplegia, quadruplegia) – tetraparesis – panplegia – hemiparesis Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso; paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. The loss is usually sensory and motor, which means that both sensation and control are lost. Tetraparesis or quadriparesis, on the other hand, means muscle weakness affecting all four limbs. It may be flaccid or spastic. GRAVIDA - number of pregnancies, regardless of result PARA - number of births after 20 weeks of pregnancy, regardless of result, stillbirth counted as 1, multiple births /twins et al./ counted as 1 ABORTION - miscarriage before 20 weeks of pregnancy G2P2 G4P3A1 G8P5A3 Number of pregnancies /childbirths = ordinal numeral + GRAVIDA/PARA 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MANY NULLI-PARA UNI-/PRIMI-PARA SECUNDI-PARA TERTI-PARA QUARTI-/QUADRI-PARA QUINTI-PARA SEXTI-PARA SEPTI-PARA OCTI-PARA NONI-PARA DECI-PARA MULTI/PLURI-PARA NULLI-GRAVIDA UNI-/PRIMI-GRAVIDA SECUNDI-GRAVIDA TERTI-GRAVIDA QUARTI-GRAVIDA QUINTI-GRAVIDA SEXTI-GRAVIDA SEPTI-GRAVIDA OCTI-GRAVIDA NONI-GRAVIDA DECI-GRAVIDA MULTI/PLURI-GRAVIDA -PARA and -GRAVIDA Authentic diagnosis: translate the red parts A 23-year-old woman (gravida 1, para 0) was admitted at 40+1 weeks gestation and underwent an emergency caesarian section due to imminent hypoxia of the fetus. As revealed during the section the umbilical cord was twisted twice around the neck of the neonate, furthermore the umbilical cord was noted to have a compound knot. Compound knots, as in this case, are rare. nodus funiculi umbilicalis.png vinculatio funiculi umbilicalis.png hypoxia, ae, f. = a diminished availability of oxygen to the body tissues sectio caesarea acuta propter hypoxiam fetus imminentem, funiculus umbilicalis circum collum neonati bis, nodus compositus funiculi umbilicalis LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES LATIN Example GREEK Example contra- contraindicatio ant-, anti- antibioticum, antipyreticum cum- (con-, com-, col-, cor) congenitus commotio syn-, sym- symphysis, syndroma de- (des-) 1) descendens 2) desinfectio, deformatio 1) cata- 2) Ø catarrhus Ø dis- (dif-, di-) 1) dislocatio 2) dissimilis 1) dia-, di-, ana- 2) a-, an- diagnosis, analysis atrophia, anaesthesia e-, ex- (ef-) exsanguinatio ec- ectopia in- (im-, il-, ir-) immaturus a-, an- atrophia, anaesthesia post- posttraumaticus met-, meta- metastasis, metabolismus re- reinfectio ana- anamnesis, anabiosis Match the given terms with corresponding pictures Výsledek obrázku pro ectopia Výsledek obrázku pro ear catarrh Výsledek obrázku pro contraindicatio contraindicatio – ectopia – cattarhus – atrophia – anamnesis – symphysis anamnesis - accumulated data concerning a medical or psychiatric patient and the patient's background, including family, previous environment, experiences, and particularly, recollections, for use in analyzing his or her condition LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES LATIN Example GREEK Example per- 1) peracutus, peraciditas 2) perforatus 1) hyper- 2) dia hypertonia, hypertrophia diencephalon, diameter sub- (suc-, suf-, sup-, sus-) 1) subfebrilis, subluxatio 2) subcutaneus hyp-, hypo- hypotrophia, hypotonia hypophysis, hypoglossus Ø dys- dystrophia, dyspepsia Ø eu- eutrophia, euthanasia Attach the Greek prefixes to the given root word to form terms corresponding to the definitions —state of normal nourishment and growth —progressive changes that may result from defective nutrition of a tissue or organ —general increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation —progressive degeneration of an organ or tissue caused by loss of cells —a wasting away of the body or of an organ or part, as from defective nutrition or nerve damage — EU- / HYPER- / A- / DYS- / HYPO- + TROPHIA HYPER- EU- HYPO- DYS- A- LATIN NOUN SUFFIXES Noun ending Meaning Example -io act, process commotio, inflammatio, laesio, transfusio -tor, -sor, -xor agent levator, extensor, flexor -ura result of an action sutura, fisura, incisura -itas quality, state obesitas, surditas, mutitas -mentum instrument, tool ligamentum, medicamentum -itis inflammation perinephritis, encephalitis, otitis, nephritis -osis degenerative or non-inflammatory disease arthrosis, hepatosis, sclerosis, stenosis -oma tumour melanoma, adenoma, carcinoma, hepatoma LATIN ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES Adjective ending Meaning Example -alis, e; -aris, e; -icus, a, um; -acus, a, um; -eus, a, um; -aneus, a, um; -ivus, a, um; -inus, a, um; -arius, a, um; -itus, a, um relation nasalis, cochlearis, hepaticus, cardiacus, pharyngeus, cutaneus, operativus, uterinus, coronarius, mellitus -osus, a, um full of ulcerosus, venosus, periculosus -atus, a, um equipped with dentatus, caudatus -bilis, e possibility, ability operabilis -oideus, a, um -formis, e shaped like, resembling coracoideus, thyroidea, cuneiforme Name the action performed by the given muscle Musculus abductor pollicis longus >> abductio, onis, f. —Musculus adductor hallucis longus —Musculus compressor urethrae —Musculus constrictor pharyngis medius —Musculus depressor anguli oris —Musculus dilatator pupillae —Musculus extensor carpi —Musculus flexor digitorum profundus —Musculus levator glandulae thyr(e)oideae —Musculi rotatores thoracis —Musculus tensor fasciae latae — adductio, onis, f. compressio, onis, f. constrictio, onis, f. depressio, onis, f. dilatatio, onis, f. extensio, onis, f. flexio, onis, f. levatio, onis, f. rotatio, onis, f. tensio, onis, f. Name defects of senses Výsledek obrázku pro tři opice nevidím neslyším nemluvím mutitas, atis, f. surditas, atis, f. caecitas, atis, f. surdomutitas, atis, f. Derive terms from the given roots (Handout 5.3, task 1) BASIC WORD DESCRIPTION DERIVED TERM brain related to brain small brain related to the small brain inflammation of the brain liver related to liver inflammation of liver cancerous tumour in liver degenerative disease of liver thorn related to the thorn/spine full of thorns provided with thorns found above the thorny processes cerebralis cerebellum hepaticus hepatitis hepatoma hepatosis cerebellaris encephalitis spinalis spinosus spinatus supraspinatus / supraspinalis cerebrum, i, n. encephalon, i, n. hepar, atis, n. spina, ae, f. Fill in parallel prefixes and derive required terms (Handout 5.3, task 2) PARALLEL GREEK / LATIN PREFIX ENGLISH DESCRIPTION DERIVED LATIN TERM pro- ð ante- forearm antebrachium endo- inside the vein (adj. e.g. injection) dia- a process of transferring blood from a donor to a recipient circum- a double-wall sac around the heart epi- being on the surface, opposite of profound peri- located around the mouth ecto- outside the uterus meta- after the operation (e.g. state, condition) hyper - located above the kidney inter- sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen transfusio pericardium superficialis circumoralis intravenosus extrauterinus postoperativus suprarenalis diaphragma ð dia- ð supra- ð post- ð extra- ð circum- ð super- ð peri- ð trans- ð intra-