DIETARY CONSUMPTION EVALUATION
Mgr. Martin Forejt Ph.D.
Department of Public Health
 Faculty of Medicine, MU

DIETARY CONSUMPTION
•represents the amount of consumed food and beverages and their kind
•we can measure it quantitatively or qualitatively
•we can monitor it in individuals or in specific groups
•    (in families)
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•NUTRIENTS
•Macronutrients - proteins,fats,carbohydrates,(alcohol)
•Micronutrients - vitamins, minerals
•Seminutrients – fiber, phytochemicals
•Non-nutritional components of the diet - probiotics
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•non-nutritional components of the diet

METHODS USED FOR
DIETARY CONSUMPTION (DC) EVALUATION
1)METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF GLOBAL DC

•Household Inventory
 - usually for one week or month (food in the start and in the end)
 - food in pantry, fridge, cellar - amount and kind of food
 - strengths: exact, combine nutritional and economic data
 - weaknesses: does not reflect individual’s consumption
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•   Household accounting method
 - usually for one week or month
 - how much money we  spend for food and beverages
 - strengths: exact
 - weaknesses: only economic data, does not reflect
                        individual’s consumption
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•  Household record method
• - usually for one week
• - quantitative and qualitative
• - retrospective or prospective
• - strengths: we can record 1week of all people in group
• - weaknesses: only nutritional data, not exact

•2) Methods for evaluation of individual DC
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•                            METHODS
•PROSPECTIVE                   RETROSPECTIVE
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Precise weight record                  24h Recall
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•Estimated record                         Food frequency method
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•Method of Double Portions        Dietary history method
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• Precise weight record  (3 days, 7 days)
•  - we weigh the food before consumption and write it on the paper
•  - strengths: more exact than recall, memory is not important
•  - weaknesses: requires people’s compliance, literacy, responsibility,
•                      stable living conditions…
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• Estimated record
• - we use Photo book, 3D models, brochure with food pictures
• - strengths: more exact than recall, memory is not important
• - weaknesses: requires people’s compliance, literacy, responsibility,
•                       stable living conditions…
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• Method of Double Portions
•- the two identical portions of meal
•- strengths: exact, allows detailed chemical analysis
•- weaknesses: very difficult,long time, high level of compliance,
•             stable living conditions, is expensive, causes inconvenience
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•      PROSPECTIVE METHODS

• 24h Recall
•- the most used method, interview + questionnaire
•- quantitative method
- estimated (Photo book, 3D models, brochure with food pictures)
•- atypical day is not good for evaluation, describe only the typical day
•- use neutral non suggestive questions
•- 3 specific questions: what did you eat and drink ?(bread,butter,tea)
•                                       what kind ... ? (white bread, fresh butter, black tea)
•                                       what was the amount of food ?(40,10grams,200 ml)
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•- strengths: easy, quick, cheap, useful in large samples
•- weaknesses: less representative, depends on good memory, requires kitchen/serving literacy, not
possible in children < 7 years and in very old people (demented people, Alzheimer)
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• RETROSPECTIVE  METHODS
•! Interview is very important for these methods !

• Food frequency method (How often did you eat last week…?)
•- quantitative and qualitative method, interview + questionnaire
- strengths: covers long period,not influenced by short term changes,
•  we can monitor the content of some nutrients
- weaknesses: reflects more people’s desire than reality, less exact,
•  not possible in children < 7 years, and in very old people
•  (demented people, Alzheimer)
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• Dietary history method
•- very necessary is interview
•- use this method after usual medical anamnesis
•- we usually ask people about some period - mainly last 6-12 months
- usual topics are:dietary consumption,food you like or dislike,groups
•  of food you eat, amount of usual portions, food combinations…….
•- strengths: covers long period, cheap, easy
- weaknesses: less exact, not possible in children < 14 years and
•  in very old people (demented people, Alzheimer)
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•quantitative and qualitative method used after record or recall methods
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•  FOOD  PYRAMIDE
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potravinova-pyramida

•                     NUTRITIONAL SCORE
•               (by World Health Organisation)
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•   sometimes we  use it after the  24 - hour recall
•   very quick method
•   each answer is one point
•   the maximum is 10 points
•   for more details look at the sheet (recall and pyramid)
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Thank you for your attention