Working lengt
Apexlocators — impedancy
X — ray methods
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Working length
Anexlocators - advantages - disadvantages
Location of apical constriction
Errors
Servicing
■ X — ray methods
Satisfactory accuracy Irradiation
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Root canal filling
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Root canal filling
■ Guttapercha
■ Sealer
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Root canal filling
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Ideal root canal filling (Grossman 1988)
1. Easy mixing
2. Sufficient working time
3. Good seal
4. X- ray contrast
5. Easy removal
6. No shrinkage
7. Long term volume stability
8. No bacterial growing
9. No permeability for fluids
10. Biocompatibility
11. No staining
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Classification of root canal fillings
> Solid
> Semisolid
> Pastes
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Guttapercha
Dried juice of the Taban tree (Isonandra percha) (gutta)
1,4- polyisoprene Crystallin structure (60%) Brittle
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Guttapercha
■ Beta phase
■ Alpha phase 42 - 49 °C
- plastic
- Gamma phase 56 — 62° (amorfni) Cooling process
very slowly (less than 0,5°C) — alpha phase normal cooling— beta phase
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Composition of guttapercha materials in endodontic
Guttapercha 19% - 22% Zinc oxide 59 - 79% Heavy metal salts 1 % - 7% Wax or resin 1% - 4%
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Resilon
(Pentron)
> Thermoplastic synthetic polymer
> Points or material for injection
Composition: Polyester polymers Bioactive glass
Radioopaque ňllers (bismuthum oxichlorid a and baryum sulphate)
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Silver or titanium cones
> No good seal
> Silver cones - corrosion
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Sealers
Chemically curing olastic materials
Good adhesion to root canal walls as well as solid cones X- ray contrast ISio compatibility
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Sealers
Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Chloropercha C alciumhy droxide Resins
Glasionomer
Silicone
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Sealers
Importance
Filling of the spaces between the solid cones
Seal of the root canalfilling
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Zinc - Oxid Eugenol
Powder: Zinc oxide
Liquid: Eugenol Acidic resins
Good adhesivity, antimicrobial effect, cytotoxic, resorbable)
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Zink Oxid Eugenol sealers
Pulp Canal Sealer (Kerr, USA)) Tubuli- Seal (Kerr, USA)
v
Caryosan (Spofa Dental, CR)
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Chloropercha
Powder
Canadian balsam Resins Guttapercha Zinc oxide
Liquid:
Chloroform
Resins
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Chloroperča
Vlastnosti:
Good adhesivity
Shrinkage
Toxicity
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Calciumhydroxide sealers
Base (powder) Calcium hydroxide Zinc oxide
Other components and vehicula
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Kalciumhydroxidove sealery
Catalystr (paste) Zinc stearat Titanium dioxide Baryum sulphate or
Eugenol,. Eukalypt
others
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Kalciumhydroxide sealers
> Increase of the healig potential of periapical tissues
> Antibacterial effect
> Easy manipulation
But!
Resorbable if not homogeneus
Not suitable for the single cone technique
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Resins
^Rezorcin formaldehyd ^ Epoxide ^ Polyketone ^ Metacrylate
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Rezorcin — formaldehyd resins
Toxicity
N2, Endomethason, Riebler's paste, Foredent
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Epoxide resin
^Base (powder, paste) Bismuth oxid Titanium dioxide Hexametylentetramine (Silver)
^ Catalyst (liquide, paste) Bisphenoldiglycidylether
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Epoxid resin (advantages)
^ Long working time
^ Hydrophilic (good penetration)
^ Good adhesion to the root canal walls
^Volume stability
^No dissolution
^ Antibacterial
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Epoxidové pryskyřice
^ Difficult removal
^ Staining
^ Initiatiory roxicity
No suitable for the single cone technique
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Polyketone
^ Base Zinc oxide
Bismuth phosphate Hexametylentetramine
^ Liquid
Bisphenolglycidylether and other components
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Polyketon resins
Advantages Good adhesion No contraction No dissolution
Disadvantages High stickness Not removable
Products: Diaket, Diaket A (3M ESPE)
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Methacrylate resins
Endo ReZ (Ultradent) - UDMA For injection — single cone technique Epiphany (Pentron)
Bis- GM A, etoxy bif- GM A, hydrophilic bifunctional methacrylate s
Calcium hydroxide, baryum sulphate, baryum glass silica.
Sealer in combination with Resilon
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Glasionomer sealers
^Base (powder) Aluminium silicate glass
> Liquid
Polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, tartaric acid
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Glasionomer sealers
(Advantages and disadvantages)
Advantages:
Curing under wett conditions, chemical bonding to hard dental tissues, no staining
Disadvantages
Short working time, difficult removal.
porous
Products
Ketac Endo (3M ESPE), Endion (VOCO)
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Silicon based sealers
Polyvinylsiloxane (ev. in mixture with powdered guttapercha
Biocompatibility Hydrofillic
Further investigation desirable.
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Root canal filling
A cone inside the sealer — core material
Silver cones Custom cones
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Root canal filling
Guttapercha
Trans isomer of polyisoprene
2 crystalline forms (alpha, beta)
Beta — room temperature
Alpha after heating
Various process of cooling
Extremly slow cooling: Aplha phase recrystalize.
65°.
Less shrinkage, more dimensionally stable
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Root canal filling
Guttapercha 20% gutta-percha 65% zink oxide 10% radioopacifiers 5% plasticizers
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Root canal filling
Guttapercha
Cones: conventional and standardized sizes
Conventional: dimension of the tip and body
Standardized cones are designed to match the taper of the instrument.
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Root canal fillings - forms
> Points (Cones)
> Materials for injection ^Plastic materials
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Instruments
Lentulo
Compactors
Compactors - carriers
Others
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Lentulo
>delivers pastes >1,5 - 2 mm ahead >at most for Ca (OH)
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Compactors
Spreader
Pointed
Vertical introduction
Lateral c mdensation technique
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Compactors
Plugger
Not pointed
Vertical introduction
Vertical condensatuion - compaction
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Filling techniques
Cold Warm
Paste only
/     I Shrinkage, difficult
|    / removal
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Warm lateral condensation
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Vertical condensation
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Injection
■ Rychla technika
■ Mozna extruze sealeru
■ Teplo
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s nepravidelným tvarem
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Fáze plnění 2. Backfill
BeeFillem hermeticky uzavřeme a zaplníme zbývající část kanálku kulatého i oválného a uzavřeme postranní ramifikace ve vrchních částech k