Physiotherapy


Part A

1.        Structure and function of cell membranes and cell organelles

2.        Active and passive transport across membranes. Co-transport

3.        Compartmentalization of body fluids; differences between intra- and extracellular fluids

4.        Ion channels; Intercellular communication

5.        Functions of the nerve cell

6.        Functional morphology of synapses

7.        Generation of resting membrane potential

8.        Action potential

9.        Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction

10.     Electrical and mechanical behaviour of muscle (skeletal, smooth and heart muscle)

11.     Neuromuscular junction

12.     Blood composition

13.     Red blood cell. Haemolysis.

14.     Haemoglobin and its derivatives

15.     Suspension stability of RBC (sedimentation rate)

16.     Immune system

17.     Blood groups antigens (ABO group, Rh group)

18.     Function of platelets

19.     Hemocoagulation, anticlotting mechanism

20.     Second messengers


Part B

1.        Hypoxia

2.        Lung ventilation, volumes, measurement. Dead space.

3.        Intrapulmonary and pleural pressure. Pneumothorax.

4.        Composition of atmospheric and alveolar air.

5.        Transport of O[2]. Oxygen – haemoglobin dissociation curve. Transport of CO[2]

6.        Regulation of ventilation

7.        Functional morphology of nephron

8.        Clearance; Glomerular filtration

9.        Function of renal tubules

10.     Transport of glucose in kidney

11.     Counter-current system.

12.     Acid-base balance

13.     Formation, composition and functions of saliva

14.     Gastric production of HCl, its regulation

15.     Functions of the stomach

16.     Motility of gastrointestinal tract

17.     Composition, function and regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

18.     Liver functions

19.     Digestion and resorption in the small intestine

20.     Functions of colon

21.     Conduction system of the heart

22.     Non-invasive assessment of blood pressure

23.     ECG, Estimation of electric axis of the heart

24.     Heart as a pump - cardiac cycle - pressure-volume loop; stroke volume and cardiac output

25.     Local regulation of blood flow. Special regions of circulation (skeletal, lung, coronary,
skin,cerebral)

26.     Regulation of cardiac output – Starling principle

27.     Periphery resistance

28.     Blood pressure. Hypertension.

29.     Blood pressure regulation (e.g.orthostatic reaction)

30.     Micro-circulation. Lymphatic system


Part C

1.        Caloric content of food. Direct calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry.

2.        Vitamins – overview

3.        Energy balance. Basal metabolism

4.        Cardiopulmonary response to exercise

5.        Physiological significance of positive and negative feed-back

6.        Physiological regulations (overview)

7.        Homeostasis

8.        Metabolism of iron

9.        Thermoregulation

10.     Sympathetic nervous system (overview)

11.     Parasympathetic nervous system (overview)

12.     Placental and faetal circulation. Circulatory adjustments at birth

13.     Autocrine, paracrine, endocrine regulation

14.     General principles of endocrine regulation

15.     Hypothalamo-pituitary system

16.     Hormones of anterior pituitary gland

17.     Formation and secretion of posterior pituitary hormones

18.     Effects of thyroid hormones

19.     Endocrine pancreas

20.     Hyper- and hypoglycaemia. Diabetes mellitus.

21.     Regulation of glycemia

22.     Adrenal cortex. Functions, malfunctions.

23.     Adrenal medulla. Synthesis of catecholamines.

24.     Parathormone, vitamin D and calcitonin

25.     Antidiuretic hormone. Natriuretic peptides

26.     Physiology of reproductive system.

27.     Physiology of pregnancy

28.     Proprioceptive reflex – reflex arch, examples

29.     Exteroceptive reflex – reflex arch, examples

30.     Physiology of the sensor systems (eg.vision, hearing)



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