Practice no. 8 – Connective tissue - cartilage and bone (deadline April 10, 2020)
1. Classify principal histological types of cartilage. Schematize arrangement of cartilage cells and
matrix in the individual types of cartilage.
2. Define the term “perichondrium”, draw its localization into the scheme of hyaline cartilage and
describe its function.
3. Into the scheme of hyaline cartilage graphically indicate, how the cartilage grows, and how the
nutrition of chondrocytes is provided.
4. Draw localization of territorial matrix in structure of hyaline cartilage. Why is the territorial
matrix basophilic?
5. Provide three examples of occurrence of fibrous cartilage in human body. Why is the fibrous
cartilage found specifically in these anatomical locations?
6. Classify principal histological types of bone tissue, and graphically schematize arrangement of
mineralized collagen fibers in individual types. What method can be used for preparation of bone
slide?
7. Draw the structure of Haversian systems in compact bone and indicate localization of
Volkmann’s canals.
8. Draw the localization and histological structure of periosteum and endosteum in an idealized
scheme of a bone (e.g. femur, humerus). Where are the Sharpey’s fibers located?
9. Graphically schematize principal ultrastructural hallmarks of osteoblasts, osteocytes and
osteoclasts. What is the origin of these cells?
10. Draw a graphical scheme of bone remodeling.
11. By using any information resource decipher what is the histological background of
osteoporosis, and why osteoporosis typically develops after menopause?
12. Graphically schematize the growth plate with complete zonation. By using any information
resource explain, why the growth plates close after the puberty. What is the principle of bone age
determination in clinical or forensic practice?
Recommended study materials: WWW presentations in the