Expressing positions in medical terminology By Denzel Gordon, Hiromasa Hideshima, Tonje Hem March 2017 General terms •Locus, i, m. (more specific – locus caeruleus)/ Situs, us, m (more abstract – situs inversus) •topo- (Greek prefix) •e.g. topophobia = fear of a certain place or situation, e.g stage fright • • Bilderesultat for locus coeruleus Bilderesultat for situs inversus Locus caeruleus Situs inversus totalis Bilderesultat for stage fright •In situ = in the (afore-mentioned) place •Loco typico = in the typical place (where it is usual to get an injury) • •Fractura tibiae in situ • • • • • Bilderesultat for fractura radii loco typico Bilderesultat for fractura tibiae Fractura radii loco typico Bilderesultat for fractura tibiae •Loco cicatricis = in the place of the scar (cicatrix, icis, f = scar) •Eodem loco = in the same place • Bilderesultat for scar Curatio loco cicatricis Relatert bilde Fractura hallucis et contusio eodem loco •Localis, e = local •Positio, onis, f = position, location Bilderesultat for anesthesia local Anaesthesia localis Relatert bilde Positio arteriae popliteae Lateral position “Later“ - prefix •Relates to the side – ‘lateropositio’ a shift to one side or displacement to one side. Lateropositio uteri. • • Lateris dextri (l.dx), Lateris sinistri (l.sin) •On the right side – the right one, On the left side – the left one respectively R L L R Lateris utriusque (l.utr) On both sides Bi-lateralis, e Bilateral: E.g. Decubitus bilaterales = bilateral bedsores/pressure ulcers Collateralis, e •Located on the same side, eg. arteria collateralis • Sinistro-/dextropositio •Reversal of an organ to the left /right – sinistro/dextroposition of the heart. Can be described as an congenital anomaly in which an anatomically correct heart is displaced to the right in the thoracic cavity overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect (VSD), instead of over the left ventricle. The result is that the aorta receives some blood from the right ventricle, causing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, and thereby reducing the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues. It is one of the four findings in the classic tetralogy of Fallot. The other three findings are right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction (most often subpulmonary stenosis), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and ventricular septal defect (VSD). overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect (VSD), instead of over the left ventricle. The result is that the aorta receives some blood from the right ventricle, causing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, and thereby reducing the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues. It is one of the four findings in the classic tetralogy of Fallot. The other three findings are right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction (most often subpulmonary stenosis), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Marginalis, e Acralis,e (G.) Marginal, eg. Gingivitis marginalis. The crest of the free gingiva surrounding the tooth like a collar. It is about 1 mm wide and forms the soft tissue portion of the gingival sulcus. Referring or belonging to extremities of peripheral areas, eg. Cyanosis acralis Medial position Medius, a, um Medianus, a, um auris media https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/997/flashcards/578997/jpg/midline1315780947808.jpg linea mediana = exactly in the middle Lateralis, e refers to structures to the sides (left/right) Medialis, e relating to structures located close to the midline of the body http://www.footdoc.ca/plantar%20nerves.jpg nervus plantaris medialis nervus plantaris lateralis Intermedius, a, um Located between two things https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/d9/fb/c9/d9fbc916010e5a7f4df534ebfd539ba6.jpg musculus vastus intermedius Meso- (prefix) middle, intermediate, halfway mesencephalon http://carignanapbio.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/3/9/18395499/9191061_orig.png mesoderm Centralis, e central os centrale http://www.womens-health-advice.com/assets/images/nervous-system.jpg systema nervosum centrale Anterior position/before •Anterior, anterius = the position meaning above something (anterius is for neutral gender) •Antero = prefix meaning before, eg. If you want to give two adjectives (direction) describing position. •Paries anterior gastris • Bilderesultat for paries anterior gaster Bilderesultat for anterolateralis Funiculus anterolateralis •Prefixes •Ante- = before (position) •Prae- = before (time) •Pro- = before (in front of, ie protraction of mandible) Bilderesultat for anteflexed uterus Antepositio uteri Bilderesultat for transfusion blood Transfusio praeoperativa Relatert bilde Progeria adultorum Posterior position/after sth •Posterior, ius (comp. form) – meaning behind or towards rear or dorsal surface of the body. •(prefix) postero – prefix to mean behind or dorsal end Processus posterior tali Infarctus posterolateralis •Prefixes •Post – (L.) - after, behind or later •Retro – (L.) – back, backwards •Meta – (L.) – along with, among, beyond Regio postnasalis Spatium retropharyngeum Ossa metacarpalia Supero- (prefix) above, over, beyond Superior position Superior, ius (comp. adj. / adverb) higher, upper / above http://spina.pro/i/anatomy/nervnaja-sistema/1112.jpg Palpebra superior Illu lymph chain12.jpg nodi lymphatici inguinales superficiales superomediales Supra- / Super- (prefix) over/ on the surface of https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/64/flashcards/261064/jpg/1-144DBECD0C2223F2248.jpg fossa supravesicalis http://www.rrnursingschool.biz/spinal-nerve/images/8237_53_93-neuroanatomy-superficial-peroneal-ner ve.jpg nervus peroneus superficialis Hyper- (prefix) over, above, excessive Epi- (prefix) on the surface of Lamina episcleralis http://www.theresearchpedia.com/sites/default/files/symptoms/xhyperglycemia.jpg.pagespeed.ic.CSFWuP -imU.jpg hyperglycemia Inferior position •Inferior, ius = beneath/inferior to (comparative, inferius is for neutrals) •Infero- = position when using several adjectives (prefix) • •Ramus ossis pubis inferior Bilderesultat for ramus ossis pubis inferior Bilderesultat for myocardial infarction norsk Infarctus inferoposterior •Prefixes •Infra- = when describing location •Sub- = below describing location •Hypo- = rarely used to describe location • • Bilderesultat for infraorbital nerve Nervus infraorbitalis Bilderesultat for hypodermis Bilderesultat for sublingual gland Glandula sublingualis Hypodermis •Internus, a, um - internal, deep, inward •(prefix) Intra (L.) - between, within •(prefix) endo (G.) – inside, within Internal position Auris interna Haemorrhagia intracranialis Endocarditis External position Externus, a, um external https://thumbor.kenhub.com/QPkOcHzXxCQ_YQg-ZCbq2OYdZis=/fit-in/800x800/filters:watermark(/images/wa termark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0)/images/anatomy_term/meatus-acusti cus-externus-2/cNYVakPkJkzvw8J3mO7HA_Meatus_acusticus_externus_01.png meatus acusticus externus Ecto- / Exo- (prefix) outside Extra- (prefix) outer ectoparasitus Circulatio extracorporalis https://image.slidesharecdn.com/heartlungmachine-140904123410-phpapp02/95/heart-lung-machine-also-r eferred-to-as-extracorporeal-circulation-3-638.jpg?cb=1409834093 http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yNLMq5YKsmI/UevZD3xR5sI/AAAAAAAAAmg/elvrcCVN7BU/s1600/head+lice%C2%A0pict ures+10.jpg 「exotropia」の画像検索結果 exotropia Translate from Latin to English •Nervi supraclaviculares mediales • •Septum intermedium • •Venae superficiales membri superioris • •Venae episclerales • •Ductus sublingualis major • • Answers •Nervi supraclaviculares mediales •Medial supraclavicular nerves • •Septum intermedium •Intermedial septum • •Venae superficiales membri superioris •Superficial veins of upper limb • •Venae episclerales •Episcleral veins (small veins in the sclera in the corneal margin) • •Ductus sublingualis major •Major sublingual duct • Revision Questions (by Akimasa Iijima and Ole Victor Hessoe) •Loco •Anaesthesia localis • lateris utriusque • manus bilateralis • aure media • •Anterolateralis, e 1. 1.Translate “in typical location” = typico 2. Translate “local anesthesia” = _ 3.Original form and translation of “l. utr.” = _ 4. Translate “pain of bilateral hand” = dolor _ 5. Translate “in the middle ear” = in _ 6.Create adjective using prefix of “anterior” and “lateral” ___ _ Answers 1.Loco 2.Anaesthesia localis 3.lateris utriusque 4.manus bilateralis 5.aure media 6.Anterolateralis Revision Questions •7. Which of following prefixes does not represent posterior/after? • a. post- • b. caudo- • c. retro- • d. meta- •8. Which gland contains “suprarenal cortex”? •9. When Rx saying “nitroglycerin sublingual”, how is drug administered to patient? •10. What is opposite prefix of “ecto”? • • 7. b 8. Adrenal gland 9. Drug is placed under tongue 10. Endo