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Department of Anatomy
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
MUDr. Marek Joukal, Ph.D.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTION:
fylogenetically the oldest part of NS, control smooth muscles,
glands, heart
FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS:
Parasympaticus – anabolic reactions (store the energy)
Sympaticus – catabolic function (release the energy)
Enteric system
■ coronary arteries - vasodilation
■ ↑ heart rate, blood pressure
■ bronchodilation
■ mydriasis
■ sweat secretion
■ ↑ glykemia
Generalised reaction of the body
Sympaticus = fight or flight
Catabolic reaction
• ↓ heart rate, blood pressure
• bronchoconstriction
• GIT activation
• miosis
Localized reaction
Parasympaticus
=
Anabolic reaction
Parasympaticus
Sympaticus
Ach
Ach
Ach
Adrenalin
Ach – sweat glands
CENTRAL PART OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Hypothalamus (subsystem of limbic brain = visceral brain)
Ncll. hypothalamici ant.
control parasympaticus
(fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis)
Ncll. hypothalamici medii
Control the sympaticus
(over RF, tr. tegmentalis centralis)
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PARASYMPATICUS (cranio-sacral system)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. III.
(ggl. ciliare)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. VII.
(ggl. pterygopalatinum, ggl.submandibulare)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. IX.
(ggl. oticum)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. X
(organs of neck, thorax, abdominal – to flexura
coli sinistra!!!, genital glands)
Sacral segments of spinal cord (S2-4), ncl.
intermediolateralis
(organs of pelvis except for genital glands)
Paras.
Ncl.
GGl.
Ggl.cervic.sup.
N. V
General organization of the parasympathetic ggl.
Radix parasympathica
Radix
sympathica
Radix
sensoria
Afferent
Efferent
CN III
E-W
afferents
m. sph. pup.
m. ciliaris
m. dilat. pup.
vessels
Ggl. ciliare
Ggl.cervic.sup.
N. nasociliaris
Ggl. ciliare
Ggl.
pterygop.
CN VII
ncl.sal.
sup
Nn.
pterygop.
Canalis
pteryg.
gl. lacrim.
nasal,
paranasal,
pharyng.,
palatal
glands
Ggl.cervic.sup.
SS +
taste
n. petr.
major
Ggl. pterygopalatinum
n. petr.
prof.
Ggl.
submand.
CN VII
ncl.sal.
sup.
N. lingualis
lingual glands
gl. submand.
gl. subling.
taste from
tongue
afferents from ant.
2/3 of tongue
Ggl.cervic.sup.
Chorda
tymp.
Ggl. submandibulare
Plx.
tympanicus
Ggl.
oticum
Gl.
parotis
glands of cheeks
Ggl. oticum
CN IX
ncl.sal.i
nf.
Ggl.cervic.sup.
N. auriculotemporalis
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SYMPATICUS - (cervico)-thoraco-lumbar system
Ncl. intermediolateralis
(C8 - L2)
C8 - L2 – radix ant. sp. nerve
n. spinalis
tr. sympaticus
r.comm. albus
TRUNCUS SYMPATICUS
ganglia trunci sympatici (paravertebral)
cervicalia 3 (sup., med., inf.)
thoracica 10-11
lumbalia 4-5
sacralia 4-5
ganglion impar
rami interganglionares
GANGLION TRUNCI SYMPATICI – eferent fibres
rr.comm. grisei
(to the n. spinalis - skin)
rr. vasculares (net around the
arteries)
To the organs:
rr. viscerales
(postganglionic fibers)
nn. splanchnici
(praeganglionic fibers,
praevertebral and intramural
plexus)
PARS CERVICALIS PARTIS SYMPATICAE
Ganglion cervicale superius
rr. comm. grisei - nn. spinales C1 –C4
n. jugularis (n.IX.,n.X.)
rr. vasculares - n. caroticus int., ext.
rr. viscerales - rr. laryngopharyngei
n. cardiacus cervic.sup.
Ganglion cervicale medium
rr. comm. grisei - nn. spinales C5 –C6
rr. vasculares - pl. caroticus comm.
rr. viscerales - gl. thyroidea, ggl.
parathyroidae
n. cardiacus cervic.med.
Ganglion cervicale inferius
rr. comm. grisei - nn. spinales C6 –C7
rr. vasculares - pl. subclavius
rr. viscerales - gl. thyroidea, ggl.
parathyroidae
n. cardiacus cervic.inf.
PARS THORACICA PARTIS SYMPATICAE
rr. comm. grisei
to all intercostal nerves
rr. vasculares
plexus aorticus thoracicus
rr. viscerales
nn. cardiaci thoracici
(plexus cardiacus spf., prof.)
rr. pulmonales (plexus pulmonalis)
rr. oesophagei (plexus oesophageus)
nn. splanchnici
n. splanchnicus major Th6-9 (pl. coeliacus)
n. splanchnicus minor Th10-11
(pl. coeliacus, pl. renalis)
n. splanchnicus imus Th12 (plexus renalis)
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PARS ABDOMINALIS ET PELVINA PARTIS SYMPATICAE
rr. comm. grisei
to all spinal nerves from L, S
and Co segments
nn. splanchnici lumbales
(to plexus aorticus abdominalis)
nn. splanchnici sacrales
(to plexus hypogastricus)
PRAEVERTEBRAL PLEXUSES – THORAX
Plexus cardiacus spf., prof.
Plexus pulmonalis
Plexus aorticus thoracicus
Plexus oesophageus
Plexus aorticus abdominalis
Plexus coeliacus
(ggl coeliacum dx. sin.)
plexus gastrici
plexus lienalis
plexus hepaticus
plexus duodenalis
plexus pancreaticus
Plexus mesentericus superior
Plexus mesentericus inferior
Plexus renalis et suprarenalis
(plexus uretericus)
Plexus testicularis (ovaricus)
Plexus iliaci (plexus femoralis)
PRAEVERTEBRAL PLEXUSES – ABDOMINAL CAVITY
Praevertebral ganglia
Coeliacum dx. et sin.
Mesentericum sup.
Aorticorenale
Mesentericum inf.
PRAEVERTEBRAL PLEXUSES – PELVIS
Plexus hypogastricus superior
(n. praesacralis)
Plexus hypogastricus dx. a sin.
Plexus hypogastricus inf.
plexus vesicalis
plexus prostaticus
plexus uterovaginalis
plexus rectalis
Plexus hypogastricus
sup.
Plexus hypogast.
inf.
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■ relativelly independent (contraction of smooth muscles of the
GIT tube and secretory activity of intramural glands)
Enteric system
Plx myentericus
(Auerbachi)
Plx submucosus
(Meissneri)
■ neurons and interneurons in the GIT wall; ganglia
■ ganglia receive signals 1) from receptors in the intestinal wall
2) from CNS - symp. and parasymp. (modulation)
■ information conducted on interneurons – activation or inhibition of
motorneurons in the intestinal wall
■ effectors: glands and smooth muscles in the intestinal wall
Auerbach´s
plexus
stratum
longitudinale
stratum
circulare
l.muscularis
mucosae
Influence of sympatisus
or parasympaticus
Meissner´s
plexus
enteric VS neuron
enteric interneuron
motor neuron
VISCEROSENSENSATION
VS fibers originate as:
1) Mechanoreceptors physiological
impulses and
pain (only symp.)
2) chemoreceptors - pO2
(glomus caroticum)
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