Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno1
ARTERIES
introduction into vascular system and
overview of the arteries
Lecture is commented by RNDr. Michaela Račanská, Ph.D.
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno2
BLOOD VESSELS
Arteriae (terminales, collaterales)
Arteriolae
Vasa capillaria (7-15 µm)
Venulae
Venae
Anastomoses
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno3
Artery: structure of the wall
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno4
• the valves
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Veins
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno5
The capillars
– the connection between the arteries and veins, the exchange of the
substances between the blood and the tissues
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno6
ARTERIES
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno7
PULS
Each contraction of the left ventricle propels the 60-80mL
Into the aortam that is distended. The distention is
propagated as a wave that iscarried along the arteries.
The distention wave can be felt clinically when
a superficial artery is pressed against a bone.
Pulse frequency is about 70/min at rest.
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno8
PULMONARY CIRCULATION -TRUNCUS PULMONALIS
̶ arteria pulmonalis dx. et sin.
̶ vv. pulmonales dextrae et sinistrae (sup. et inf.)
̶ lig. arteriosum (ductus arteriosus)
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno9
ARTERIAL CIRCULATION
the Aorta
Aorta ascendens:
ventriculus sin. - 2. art. sternocostalis dx.
a. coronaria cordis dx. and sin.
Arcus aortae:
2. art. sternocostalis dx. - left side of Th3
̶ truncus brachiocephalicus
(a. carotis communis dx.+ a. subclavia dx.)
̶ a. carotis communis sin.
̶ a. subclavia sin.
Aorta descendens:
Th3 – L4
Aorta thoracica
Aorta abdominalis (separated by the
diaphragm)
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno10
A. carotis communis: ACI and ACE
̶ (the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage))
C4
the upper margin of the
thyroid cartilage)
The blood supply of the head and neck:
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno11
1) A. carotis externa
the anterior branches:
• a. thyroidea sup. - for the thyroid gland
• a. lingualis – for the tongue
• a. facialis - regions of the face (the mimic muscles)
the lateral branches:
a. sternocleidomastoidea
the posterior branches:
• a. occipitalis
• a. auricularis posterior
the medial branches:
▪ a. pharyngea ascendens
the terminal branches:
• a. temporalis superficialis
• a. maxillaris (the masticatory muscles)
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno12
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno13
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno14
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno15
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno16
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno17
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno18
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno19
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno20
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno21
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno22
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno23
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno24
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno25
2) A. carotis interna
through apertura externa canalis carotici into fossa cranii media, it supplies the anterior parts of
the hemispheres, the eye socket and the inner ear
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno26
A. subclavia
̶ it lies on cupula pleurae, passes through fissura scalenorum, forms sulcus a. subclaviae on the
1st rib – from the lateral edge of the 1st rib, it changes its name into a. axillaris
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno27
The branches:
1) a. vertebralis (for the brain)
2) truncus thyreocervicalis:
for the thyroid gland (a. thyroidea inferior),
for the muscles of scapula (a. suprascapularis) and
the neck (a. cervicalis ascendens, a. cervicalis superficialis)
3) truncus costocervicalis
for the deep neck muscles (a. cervicalis profunda)
and the first two intercostal spaces (a. intercostalis suprema)
4) a. thoracica interna for m. rectus abdominis (a. epigastrica superior) and the diaphragm (a.
musculophrenica)
5) a. transversa colli (the nuchal muscles, the muscles of the girdle of UE, m. trapezius
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno36
Aa. membri superioris
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno37
A. axillaris
from the 1st rib till the lower edge of the tendon of m. pectoralis major
1) the muscular branches (rr. subscapulares)
2) a. thoracica suprema (first two intercostal
spaces)
3) a. thoracoacromialis (the shoulder joint,
m. deltoideus, mm. pectorales)
4) a. thoracica lateralis (m. serratus anterior)
5) a. subscapularis (a. circumflexa scapulae,
a. thoracodorsalis for m. latissimus dorsi)
6) a. circumflexa humeri anterior
7) a. circumflexa humeri posterior (through
foramen humerotricipitale into
m. deltoideus)
Anterior view
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Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno39
Anastomosis of a. circumflexa humeri anterior et posterior
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno40 Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno40
Foramen omotricipitale:
a. circumflexa scapulae anastomosis
with a.
suprascapularis
Foramen humerotricipitale:
n. axillaris,
a. circumflexa
humeri posterior
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno41
A. brachialis
̶ from the edge of m. pectoralis major, inside sulcus bicipitalis medialis, inside fossa cubiti it
divides into: a. radialis and a. ulnaris
The branches:
1) a. profunda brachii (in sulcus n. radialis)
2) a. collateralis ulnaris superior (behind
med. epicondyle, into the arterial net
around the elbow joint)
3) a. collateralis ulnaris inferior (behind med.
epicondyle, into the arterial net around
the elbow joint)
The terminal branches:
4) a. radialis a a. ulnaris
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno42
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno43
A. radialis
below m. brachioradialis, into foveola radialis,
below the tendon of m. extensor pollicis
longus, it runs onto the back of the hand, gets
throuhg m. interosseus dorsalis I. and in the
palm it gives its terminal branches:
arcus palmaris profundus
a. princeps pollicis
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno44
̶ The branches :
̶ a) the branches for the elbow joint
̶ b) the muscular branches (radial and palmar group)
̶ c) r. palmaris superficialis et profundus – help create arcus palmaris superficialis et profundus
̶ d) a. princeps pollicis- for the thumb and lateral edge of the index
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno45
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno46
A. ulnaris
̶ between m. flexor digitorum
profundus and superficialis
̶ Distally between m. flexor carpi
ulnaris and m. flexor digitorum
superficialis
̶ Into the palm on the surface of
retinaculum flexorum, along the
radial side of os pisiforme and
divides into the terminal
branches:
̶ Arcus palmaris superficialis
̶ r. palmaris profundus
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno47
The branches:
a) the muscular branches
b) a. interossea communis
c) for art. radiocarpalis
d) r. palmaris superficialis
e) r. palmaris profundus
ARCUS PALMARIS SUPERFICIALIS
-aa. digitales palmares communes→ aa.
digitales palmares propriae
ARCUS PALMARIS PROFUNDUS
-aa. metacarpae palmares – connected with aa.
digitales communes
RETE ARTICULARE CUBITI
RETE CARPI PALMARE ET DORSALE
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno48
RETE ARTICULARE CUBITI
RETE CARPI PALMARE
RETE CARPI DORSALE
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno49
Aorta descendens - Th3- L4
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno50
AORTA THORACICA – from Th 3 till the diaphragm
(posterior mediastinum)
The parietal branches:
aa. intercostales posteriores (intercostal spaces)
aa. phrenicae superiores (the diaphragm)
The visceral branches:
rr. bronchiales
rr. oesophagei
rr. pericardiaci
rr. mediastinales
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno51
AORTA ABDOMINALIS – the diaphragm - L4
̶ retroperitoneally
̶ L4 - bifurcatio aortae
The parietal branches:
- for the abdominal wall (aa. Lumbales)
- for the diaphragm (aa. phrenicae inferiores)
The visceral branches:
the non-paired branches
1) truncus coeliacus (Th12-L1) - (for the
stomach, liver, spleen)
2) a. mesenterica superior (L1) (for the whole
small intestine and a part of the large
intestine)
3) a. mesenterica inferior (L3) (from flexura
coli sin. downward till the cranial part of the
rectum)
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno52
Visceral branches:
paired
1) for the suprarenal glands
aa. suprarenales mediae
2) for the kidneys
aa. renales
3) for the ovaries (testicles)
- aa. testiculares
- aa. ovaricae
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno53
Terminal branches:
• a. sacralis mediana
• aa. iliacae communes
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno54
Aa. iliacae communes
 L4 bifurcatio aortae
 art. iliaca communis
(divides into a. iliaca int. a ext. )
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno55
A. iliaca interna
̶ it supplies the organs and the wall of the small pelvis
The muscular branches for the gluteal muscles
(a. glutaea superior et inferior),
the wall of the small pelvis
(a. iliolumbalis, a. sacralis lateralis),
for the adductors of the tight (a. obturatoria),
for the genital organs (a. pudenda interna)
The parietal branches :
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno56
̶ The visceral branches:
• a. umbilicalis (obliterates and
changes into lig. umbilicale
lat.)
• for the urinary bladder(a.
vesicalis inf.)
• for ductus deferens (resp. For
the uterus) – a. ductus
deferentis, a. uterina
• ke konečníku (a. rectalis media)
A. iliaca externa
thicker
a. epigastrica inferior
(the abdominal muscles, the wall
of the large pelvis)
a. circumflexa ilium profunda
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno58
Aa. membri inferioris
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno59
A. femoralis
 from lacuna vasorum till fossa
poplitea, throuhg fossa iliopectinea
and canalis adductorius
The branches:
1) For the external genital organs and
the abdominal wall: a. epigastrica
superficialis, a. circumflexa ilium
superficialis, aa. pudendae externae
2) a. profunda femoris: the main artery
for the muscles of the tight (a.
circumflexa femoris med. a lat., aa.
perforantes)
3) the muscular branches (tight)
4) a. genus descendens: for rete
articulare genus (r. saphenus)
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno60
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno61
A. poplitea
• from hiatus tendineus till the distal edge of m.
popliteus
• for the muscles of fossa poplitea and the knee joint
The branches:
1) aa. surales (for m. gastrocnemius)
2) aa. genus – into the arterial net around the knee joint
3) the terminal branches:
a. tibialis anterior
a. tibialis posterior
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno62
A. tibialis anterior
• It perforates through membrana
interossea cruris
̶
• proximally between m. tibialis ant.
and m. extensor digitorum longus
• distally between m. tibialis ant. and
m. extensor hallucis longus – under
retinaculum extensorum
• From the passing under retinaculum
extensorum – it is called – a.
dorsalis pedis
m. tibialis ant.
m. extensor
digitorum
longus
m. extensor
hallucis longus
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno63
• It supplies the knee joint, the anterior side of the lower leg, the back of
foot and the fingers
The branches:
1) into arterial net around the knee joint
2) The muscular branches
3) into arterial net around both ankles
4) a. dorsalis pedis
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno64
The branches of a. dorsalis pedis:
a. tarsalis lateralis
aa. tarsales mediales
a. arcuata
•aa. metatarseae dorsales
•aa. digitales dorsales
a. metatarsea dorsalis I.
r. plantaris profundus (into planta
pedis-arcus plantaris)
a. dorsalis
pedis
a.
metatarsea
dorsalis I.
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno65
A. tibialis posterior
under arcus tendineus m. solei, it lies onto the deep
flexors of the lower leg, behind the medail ankle runs
into planta pedis
canalis malleolaris (the structures behind the medial
ankle)
m. tibialis posterior
m. flexor digitorum longus
a. et vv. tibiales posteriores
n. tibialis
m. flexor hallucis longus
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno66
the branches:
1) into the arterial net around the knee
joint
2) a. fibularis - supplies fibula and
surrounding muscles
4) into the arterial net around the medial
ankle
5) into the arterial net around the heel
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno67
the terminal branches:
a. plantaris medialis
a. plantaris lateralis
(arcus plantaris – aa. metatarsae plantares
aa. digitales plantares)
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno68
̶ RETE ARTICULARE GENUS (rete patellae)
̶ RETE MALLEOLARE MEDIALE
̶ RETE MALLEOLARE LATERALE
̶ RETE CALCANEUM
̶ RETE DORSALE PEDIS
Arteries/ Physioterapeuts/ ANATOMY/Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno69
…to be continued
with the lecture about the veins and lymphs
Obrázky:
Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst, R.
20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993
Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy.
Naňka, Elišková: Přehled anatomie. Galén, Praha 2009.
Čihák: Anatomie I, II, III.
Drake et al: Gray´s Anatomy for Students. 2010
www.kenhub.cz