Adobe Systems Adobe Systems Autonomic nervous system TAKE HOME MESSAGES Adobe Systems ANS vs. somatic NS Adobe Systems Autonomic nervous system Adobe Systems Autonomic nervous system Preganglionic fibers ̶SNS, PNS ̶Nikotinic receptor ̶NN type and NM type ̶Excitatory receptors ̶ Adobe Systems Autonomic nervous system Postganglionic fibers ̶PNS ̶ Muscarinic receptor ̶G-protein coupled ̶Excitatory receptors (M1, M3, M5) ̶Inhibitory receptors (M2, M4) ̶ Adobe Systems Autonomic nervous system ̶Postganglionic fibers ̶SNS ̶ Adrenergic receptor ̶G-protein coupled ̶ Adobe Systems Second messenger systems Adobe Systems Autonomic nervous system Adrenergic receptor ̶G-protein coupled ̶Type α –Excitatory receptors ̶Type β – Inhibitory receptors ̶ Adobe Systems Autonomic nervous system Ergotropic system Trophotropic system Adobe Systems ̶The secretory glands (salivary,sweat, tear, and various mucus-producing glands; smooth muscles, cardiac muscles) ̶The heart and blood vessels to control blood pressure and flow ̶The bronchi of the lungs to meet the oxygen demands of the body ̶ANS regulates: ̶The digestive and metabolic functions of the liver, GIT, pancreas ̶The functions of the kidney, urinary bladder, large intestine, rectum ̶ANS is essential to the sexual responses of the genitals and reproductive organs ̶Interacts with the body´s immune systém ̶ ̶Mnemonic used: ̶The sympathetic division tends to Fs: fight, flight, fright,and sex ̶The parasympathetic division facilitates various non-fourF processes – as digestion, growth, immune response, energy storage ̶In most cases the activity levels of the 2 ANS divisions are reciprocal- when one is high, the other tends to be low, and vice versa. ANS innervates Adobe Systems http://www.studentconsult.com/common/showimage.cfm?mediaISBN=0721632564&FigFile=S23283-015-f004.jpg &size=fullsize Sympathetic nervous system Fight or flight response Energy/store consumption Preganglionic neuron – Spinal cord -Thoraco - lumbar system Ganglia Paravertebral -Truncus sympathicus - Majority Prevertebral -Plexus aorticus Mostly diffuse effect Parasympathetic nervous system Rest and digest response Energy conservation/en. store production Preganglionic neuron – Brain stem and spinal cord – cranio-sacral system Ganglia Close to target organs or intramurally Mostly local effect Adobe Systems http://www.studentconsult.com/common/showimage.cfm?mediaISBN=0721632564&FigFile=S23283-015-f004.jpg &size=fullsize Sympatthetic nervous system Fight or flight response Energy/store consumption Preganglionic neuron – Spinal cord -Thoraco - lumbar system Ganglia Paravertebral -Truncus sympathicus - Majority Prevertebral -Plexus aorticus Mostly diffuse effect Parasympathetic nervous system Rest and digest response Energy conservation/energy store production Preganglionic neuron – Brain stem and spinal cord – cranio-sacral system Ganglia Close to target organs or intramurally Mostly local effect http://ccn.aacnjournals.org/content/27/1/30/T1.large.jpg Obsah obrázku stůl Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Boron et al: Medical Physiology, 2017 Adobe Systems Brain control of ANS Eating behavior Urinary bladder control Secondary respiratory center Blood pressure control Respiratory center Temperature control Water balance Adobe Systems Adobe Systems Baroreceptor vs. Chemoreceptor Adobe Systems Baroreflex I •Inotropic •Chronotropic •Dromotropic •Batmotropic Aferent pathway Parasympathetic pathway Sympathetic pathway BP=HR x SV x R R HR Adobe Systems Something more… ̶Oculocardial reflex ̶Pressure on the eyebulbes decreases heart rate (activation of the vagus) ̶It is used to suppress or stop atrial tachycardia ̶Low pressure baroreflex ̶greater expansion of the left ventricle stimulates baroreceptors –vagus→medulla - inhibition of SNS – vasodilation, bradycardia – decrease of BP ̶Diving reflex ̶Cold water on the face causes respiratory arrest, peripheral vasoconstriction and bradycardia ̶Coronary chemoreflex (Bezoldov-Hirtov-Jarisch reflex) ̶Substances applied to the left coronary artery (veratridine, capsaicin, some contrast agents, substances produced by ischemic tissue) induce apnea and then hyperpnea, hypotension, bradycardia (vagal afferentation) ̶ Adobe Systems Testing of autonomic nervous system ̶Tilt table test ̶Neurocardiogene syncopa (cardioinhibitory – vasodepresory- both) ̶Cerebral vasoconstriction with syncopa ̶Pressure of the eyebulbes or sinus caroticus ̶Cardioinhibitory-vasodepresory-both answer (hypersensitivity of sinus caroticus) ̶Farmacological tests ̶With norepinephrine, isoprenaline, atropine ̶ ̶ Adobe Systems ANS and blood vessels Adobe Systems GIT - Enteric Nervous System Adobe Systems GIT and ANS SNS PNS Adobe Systems ANS and urinary bladder PSN DETRUSOR CONTRACTION SPHINCTER RELAXATION SNS DETRUSOR RELAXATION SPHINCTER CONTRACTION Adobe Systems Thank you for your attention Adobe Systems Extra information Adobe Systems Neurogenic bladder NAME COMMENTS Uninhibited bladder Lesion: above the pontine micturition center Signs: reduced awareness of bladder fullness, incontinence may occur Upper motor neuron bladder (Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia) Lesion: between the pontine micturition center and sacral cord Signs: detrusor is usually spastic, simultaneous detrusor and urinary sphincter contractions increase pressures in the bladder, can lead to vesicoureteral reflux that and renal damage Mixed type A bladder Lesion: sacral cord lesion at the detrusor nucleus with sparring of the pudendal nucleus Signs: the detrusor muscle is flaccid, bladder is large, external urinary sphincter is spastic, incontinence uncommon Mixed type B bladder Lesion: sacral cord lesion at the pudendal nucleus with sparring of the detrusor nucleus Signs: the bladder is spastic and the external urinary sphincter is flaccid, incontinence is common Lower motor neuron bladder Lesion: sacral cord or sacral root while the thoracic sympathetic outflow to the lower urinary tract is preserved Signs: bladder is large and hypotonic, incontinence uncommon Adobe Systems ANS and sexual function Adobe Systems ANS and sexual function