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BRAINSTEM– LONGITUDINAL PARTS


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SAGITAL SECTION OF THE BRAINSTEM

Ventral side of the medulla oblongata
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Dorsal side of the medulla oblongata
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Ventral side of the pons Varoli


Dorsal side of the pons Varoli
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Dorsal side of the mesencephala
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Ventral side of the mesencephala


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OUTPUTS OF THE CRANIAL NERVES FROM THE BRAINSTEM


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NUCLEI OF THE CRANIAL NERVES
brainstem- fossa rhomboidea




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MEDULLA OBLONGATA


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PONS VAROLI


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MESENCEPHALON


CRUS
TECTUM
TEGMETUM
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RETICULAR FORMATION (RF) OF THE BRAINSTEM
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F0634FDA Reticular Formation and Limbic System - Textbook of Clinical ...

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FUNCTIONS OF  RF
  connections of the cranial nerve´s nuclei:
involvement of RF in reflexive arcs - mediation of defensive and vital reflexes
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Low pain – poorly localizable
Vegetative centers:
to control vital functions: breath, heart beat, blood preasure
ARAS - ascending activating system
Connections with nonspecific thalamus and cortex telencephali - regulation of wakefulness and sleep
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Nonspecific
thalamus
ARAS
Vasomotoric center
Respiratory center
Cardiostimulation and
cardioinhibition centers
Descending system of FR
 Motor system of descending long RF fibers, connected to the control of the movement. The central
regulator of muscle tonus - the connections between the higher sections of the CNS affecting muscle
tonus and  motoneurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Increases the tension of
antigravity muscles (functionally extensors) while reduces the tension of flexors. It allows
upright position.

Upper motor neuron definition, disease, upper motor neuron signs & symptoms
MOTOR (DESCENDING)
PYRAMIDAL (DIRECT)

MOTOR (DESCENDING)
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL (INDIRECT)


SENSORIC (ASCENDING)
EPICRITIC AND PROTOPATIC SENSATION


SENSORIC (ASCENDING)
PROTOPATIC SENSATION


SENSORIC (ASCENDING)
PROPRIOCEPTION
A) The dorsal (posterior) spinocerebellar tract. (B) The cuneocerebellar tract. See text for det… |
Nervous system parts, Nervous system anatomy, Medical knowledge The Spinal Cord (Organization of
the Central Nervous System) Part 3 Spinocerebellar Pathways - Tracts of Spinal Cord and Brainstem
A) The dorsal (posterior) spinocerebellar tract. (B) The cuneocerebellar tract. See text for det… |
Nervous system parts, Nervous system anatomy, Medical knowledge