Exam Questions DIA 2023/24 Exam questions of Diagnostic imaging consist of radiology and nuclear medicine parts and of the clinical problems. A single question from each question group will be randomly assigned to the student. When answering questions from a section of radiolohy and nuclear medicine, it is important to list the examination modalities, the diagnostic procedure and the basic pathology. In the part of clinical problems examiners will assess the correct indication of investigative methods for solving the clinical problem, the accuracy of the methods and contraindications. 1. Special section- the position of imaging techniques in the diagnostic algorithm 1. Headache 2. Stroke 3. Head and neck trauma 4. Hypogastrium pain 5. Epigastrium pain 6. Pancreatitis 7. Expansion in the abdominal cavity 8. Peritoneal irritation 9. Renal colic 10. Hematuria 11. Polytrauma 12. Shortness of breath 13. Chest pain 14. Lower limb pain 15. Lymphadenopathy 16. Injury of the esophagus 17. Enteritis and colitis 18. Elevation of obstructive enzymes 19. Acute back pain 20. Scrotal pain 21. Liver lesion - diagnostic methods, basic pathology (focal and diffuse lesions) 2. Radiology section 1. Radiography and X-rays - principle, radiation load, indications, contraindications, DICOM, PACS 2. Fluoroscopy - principles, radiation exposure, indication, contraindication 3. Ultrasound imaging principles - principle, basic indications 4. CT imaging principles - principle, basic indications, contraindications, 3D reconstruction (various types) 5. MR imaging principle - principle, basic indications, contraindications 6. Angiography and DSA principles- principle, basic indications 7. Interventional Radiology - division, meaning the method, spectrum of procedures 8. Contrast Agents for X-ray Examination - principle, examples of use, side effects 9. Contrast agents in Ultrasound and MR imaging - principles, examples of use, side effects 10. Adverse reactions following administration of contrast agents, their prevention and treatment 11. Traumatology - axial skeleton - diagnostic methods, types of fractures 12. Traumatology - long bones - diagnostic methods, types of fractures 13. Traumatology - Specifics of childhood (types of fractures, abused child) 14. Imaging of the esophagus - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 15. Heart imaging- diagnostic methods, basic pathology 16. Chest - possibilities of different diagnostic methods 17. Imaging possibilities of non-traumatic diseases of the skeleton - degenerative changes and inflammations of the spine - basic pathology 18. Imaging possibilities of soft tissue diseases (trauma, inflammation, tumors) - diagnostic methods 19. Tumors of the lung, pleura and mediastinum expansion - diagnostic methods 20. Chest imaging - specifics of childhood 21. Imaging of the arterial system - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 22. Imaging of the venous system - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 23. Imaging of digestive tract - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 24. Gall bladder and biliary tract imaging - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 25. Pancreas imaging - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 26. Gastrointestinal tract imaging - childhood specifics 27. Uroradiology - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 28. Head and neck imaging incl. imaging methods in dentistry - diagnostic methods, basic pathology 29. Neuroradiology - specifics of childhood 30. Imaging of brain and spinal cord - diagnostic methods, basic pathology (especially tumours, inflammation) 31. Breast imaging 32. Interventional diapeutic (diagnostic-therapeutic) procedures of the vascular system 33. Interventional diapeutic (diagnostic-therapeutic KE) procedures of the urinary system 34. Interventional diapeutic (diagnostic-therapeutic) procedures of the gastrointestinal system 35. Intervention diapeutic (diagnostic and therapeutic) procedures of the central nervous system 36. Interventional Oncology – spectrum of methods and their practical use 37. Percutaneous drainage of collection and abscesses - principles, examples of pathological conditions suitable for drainage 38. Imaging of sex organs in men and women - diagnostic algorithm, basic pathology 39. Gynecology and obstetrics imaging - diagnostic algorithm, basic pathology 3. Nuclear medicine section 1. Detection of ionizing radiation - interaction with matter - ionizing radiation detectors - shielding, electronic evaluation apparatus 2. Radioactive transformation - alpha-, beta-, beta+, gamma - importance for diagnosis and therapy 3. Measuring instruments in nuclear medicine - scintillation probe, scintillation camera 4. Imaging methods in nuclear medicine - static and dynamic scintigraphy, planar and tomography - principles, differences, practical applications 5. Emission tomography - SPECT, PET (principles and differences of methods and practical use), PET - patient preparation, radiopharmaceuticals 6. Radiopharmaceuticals - definition, dosage forms, requirements for radiopharmaceuticals, their control 7. Radionuclide sources - principles of nuclear reactors, accelerators and generators (practical examples of radionuclides) 8. Hybrid imaging systems (SPECT/CT, PET/CT, PET/MR) - principles, practical applications 9. Radiation load, dosimetry, protective equipment in radiology and nuclear medicine, special features in the examination of children 10. Palliative treatment of bone metastases with radionuclides, clinical significance. Radiation synovectomy, principles of the method, clinical use 11. Bone scintigraphy, importance of hybrid methods in bone lesions - principle, radiopharmaceuticals, methods, clinical significance 12. Diagnosis and therapy with MIBG, radiopharmaceuticals, clinical use 13. Perfusion and ventilation scintigraphy of the lungs - principle of the method, radiopharmaceuticals, indications and evaluation, phlebography 14. Myocardial perfusion - principle, radiopharmaceuticals, stress tests 15. Detection of GIT bleeding and ectopic gastric mucosa 16. Dynamic cholescintigraphy, dynamic scintigraphy of the oesophagus, radionuclide diagnosis of functional GIT disorders - principles, radiopharmaceuticals, indications 17. Radionuclide diagnostics and therapy of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours 18. Renal scintigraphy - principles, radiopharmaceuticals, indications 19. Possibilities of radionuclide diagnosis and therapy in prostate cancer and its metastases 20. Radionuclide diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and its therapy with radioiodine. Detection of parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. 21. Diagnosis and therapy of thyroid cancer - differences in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, use of radioiodine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes 22. Possibilities of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases - neuroreceptor diagnostics using SPECT (DATscan), PET (FDG, imaging of amyloid plaques) 23. Examination of brain perfusion by SPECT - conditions for application and importance of the method for practice, use of SPECT and PET in epileptology. 24. Sentinel lymph node diagnosis using radionuclides 25. Lymphoscintigraphy 26. PET/CT in oncology - indications, contraindications, oncological diagnostics by nuclear medicine methods and comparison with other imaging methods 27. Determination of brain death by radionuclides and comparison with other imaging methods 28. Diagnosis of inflammation by nuclear medicine methods, and comparison with other imaging methods