Development and teratology of reproductive system Anna Mac Gillavry 24.04.2023 Gonad Mesonephros Mullerian duct Wolffian duct Cloaca INDIFFERENT STAGE Epididymis Testis Vas deferens Urinary bladder Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Ovary Oviduct Degenerating Wolffian duct Uterus Urinary bladder Vagina E FEMALE www.dailykos.com Indifferent stage of the gonads Indifferent stage of the genital ducts T.W. Sadler, Langman's medical embryology, 14th edition Differentiation of the ducts - females Abdominal ostium of uterine tube Suspensory ligament of ovary Fimbriae Ligament of ovary proper Mesovarium Epoophoron Cortical cords of ovary Mesonephros Mesonephric duct Corpus uteri Round ligament of uterus Uterine canal Gartner cyst Sinus tubercle B T.W. Sadler, Langman's medical embryology, 14th edition Development of the vagina T.W. Sadler, Langman's medical embryology, 14th edition Differentiation of the ducts - males Epigenital tubules Rete testis Paragenital tubules J*.-Testis cords y- Tunica albuginea Vas deferens S Mesonephric ^ duct Efferent ductules Sinus tubercle Epididymis Appendix epididymis Appendix testis Seminal vesicle Utriculus prostaticus Testis cord V- Rete testis Paradidymis B T.W. Sadler, Langman's medical embryology, 14th edition Indifferent stage of the external genitalia T.W. Sadler, Langman's medical embryology, 14th edition Differentiation of external genitalia A R 7 Weeks urogenital membrane anal membrane 11 Weeks MALE -genital tubercle ->penis - urogenital folds fuse ->pars spongiosa urethrae m. - genital swellings fuse ->scrotum FEMALE - genital tubercle ->clitoris - urethral (urogenital) folds ->labia minora - genital swellings (tori genitales) ->labia maiora 12 Weeks Disorders of sexual development (DSDs) • Ambigous genitalia: clitoral hypertrophy/small penis with hypospadia • 46, XX DSDs: - - congenital adrenal hyperplasia, most common cause-60 % of all DSDs • 46, XY DSDs: - androgen insensitivity syndrom (AIS): complete (CAIS), mild (MAIS) or partial (PAIS) - 5-a-reductase deficiency: testosteron convertion into dihydrotestosteron is impaired Ovotesticular DSDs - the caryotype is 46, XX in 70 % of cases Chromosomal abberations • Klinefelter syndrom - 47, XXY (XXXY...) - 1 in 1000 males: decreased fertility, small testes, decreased testosteron levels, gynecomastia in app. 33% • Gonadal dysgenesis - oocytes are absent: - Swyer syndrome - XY female gonadal dysgenesis -point mutation or deletions of the SRY gene - Turner syndrome-45, X Hernias and cryptorchidism • Congenital inderect inguinal hernia • Hydrocele of the testis and/or spermatic cord • Cryptorchidism Uterine and vaginal defects Indentation Uterus bicornis unicollis Cervical atresia Vaginal atresia 1 rudimentary horn T.W. Sadler, Langman's medical embryology, 14th edition Defects in male genitalia • Hypospadia - 3 to 5 in 1000 births • Epispadia - 1 in 30000 - most often associated with extrophy of the bladder and abnormal closure of the ventral body wall • Micropenis - insufficient androgen stimulation - primary hypogonadism, hypothalamic or pituitary disfunction • Bifid penis