INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF PHARMACOLOGY TYPES OF TREATMENT •Causal treatment •Targeted against the disease causative •E. g., antibiotics – infections •Symptomatic treatment •Removes or alleviates symptoms only •E. g., antihypertensives – high blood pressure •Substitution treatment •Supplements missing substances •E. g., hormone replacement, coagulation factors PHARMACO THERAPY BASIC TERMINOLOGY – REPETITION OF THE LECTURE •The patient suffers from headaches ... TERMS - INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATIONS The doctor prescribes ... TERM – DRUG, MEDICINES, ACTIVE COMPOUND, EXCIPIENT… What painkillers do you know for headache? Students: "Paralen, Ibuprofen, Ibalgin, Aspirin ..." • • TERMS - PHARMACOKINETICS, PHARMACODYNAMICS Pro případ tápání v názvech léčiv lze promítnout slide 20-22 ke zopakování. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ytiqg2nnzpo PRACTICE Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) • The ingredient in a pharmaceutical drug that is pharmacologically active Dosage form •for a pharmaceutical contains the API, which is the drug itself, and excipients, which are the substances of the tablet, or the liquid the API is suspended in, or other material that is pharmaceutically inert. Medicinal product •Any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings Drug •Medicinal product administered to a patient Excipient – without its own therapeutic effect, facilitates the manufacture, storage or preparation and administration of API. Consider: Could an excipient have a pharmacological effect? BASIC TERMINOLOGY – MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC MEDICINES RMP IMP Prescription drugs Over-the-counter Over-the-counter with restrictions E-Rx Paper Rx Fully reimbursed Partly reimbursed Non-reimbursable By the place of formation By way of delivery By payment Dialog se studenty – schéma možno postupně kreslit na tabuli DRUGS NAMES 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid acidum acetylsalicylicum Acetylsalicylic acid Acidum acetylsalicylicum Acylpyrin, Aspirin etc. „tablet needed to be quartered to blood dilution“ Pokud by studenti tápali v názvech léčiv, lze promítnout slide 20-22 ke zopakování DRUGS NAMES •Chemical name – IUPAC nomenclature •(2-acetoxybenzoic acid) • •Generic name – simplified chemical name or trivial names usually with national influence •(acetylsalicylic acid) • •International Nonproprietary Name (INN) – for scientific literature and international communication •(acidum acetylsalicylicum) • •Pharmacopeial names – similar or same as to INN but in latin • •Brand names – registered trade names and marks •(ASPIRIN®) • SOME DRUG-FAMILY NAMES •-olol betareceptor antagonists •-caine local anaestethics •-tidine histamine receptor antagonists •-dipine calcium channel blockers of dihydropyridine type •-statin inhibitors of HMG CoA transferase • •Prepare: • • • •Presentation – rules of drug prescription in your country •