GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 1 Meiosis. Development of gamets. Fertilization. Cleavage. Implantation. Changes in blastocyst during implantation. Differentiation of embryoblast and trophoblast. Germ disc. The axial organs of embryo. Development of embryonic mesoderm and notochord. mitoza a meioza MITOSIS and MEIOSIS – the main differences růst a zrání folikulů PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES PRIMARY UNILAMINAR FOLLICLE PRIMARY MULTILAMINAR FOLLICLES SECONDARY FOLLICLE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE GROWTH AND MATURATION OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES PRIMARY OOCYTE in these follicles SECONDARY OOCYTE Corona radiata Zona pellucida Follicular fluid Mitotic spindle in metaphase 2 Thecalutein cells Fibrin clot CORPUS LUTEUM Granulosa lutein cells OVULATION Ruptured follicle Theca folliculi externa and interna Membrana granulosa Zona pellucida CORTEX OVARII Oocyte Sperm Acrosomal and cortical reaction Acrosomal vesicle oocyte II sperm penetration zygote pronuclei diploid set of chromosomes polar body meiotic spindle cleavage secondary oocyte in metaphase 2 implanted blastocyst FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION cumulus oophorus zona pellucida blastocyst morula FERTILIZATION e1p_j1_zygote e1q_j2_2blasto e1r_j2_4blasto e1s_j3_8blasto e1t_j4_morula zygote – 18 h after fertilization 24 h 45 h morula - 72 h morula – 96 h blastocyst rýhování a implantace CLEAVAGE AND IMPLANTATION Mitotic spindle within zygote Polar bodies MORULA BLASTOCYST Syncytiotrophoblast Blastocyst cavity ENDOMETRIUM UTERINE GLANDS Trophoblast Embryoblast (ICM) Extraembr. mesoderm Primitive yolk sac Chorion Operculum Amniotic cavity Trophoblastic lacunae Cytotrophoblast Hypoblast Epiblast Connecting stalk Amnion Germ disc Definitive yolk sac Extraembryonic coelom Chorionic cavity implantace 2 IMPLANTATION – DAY 8 1/2 Trophoblast Blastocyst cavity Hypoblast Cytotrophoblast Amniotic sac Syncytiotrophoblast Uterine gland Trophoblastic lacune implantace 3 IMPLANTATION – DAY 10 Primitive (primary) yolk sac Extraembryonic mesoderm Hypoblast Epiblast Cytotrophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast Trophoblastic Amniotic Cytototrophoblastic lacune cavity bud Heuser´s membrane implantace 4 IMPLANTATION – DAY 13 Extraembryonic Definitive (secondary) coelom yolk sac Primary chorionic villus Hypoblast Epiblast Cytotrophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast Connecting stalk Trophoblastic lacune (extraembryonic mesoderm) (with capillary outlet) rýhování a implantace CLEAVAGE AND IMPLANTATION Mitotic spindle within zygote Polar bodies MORULA BLASTOCYST Syncytiotrophoblast Blastocyst cavity ENDOMETRIUM UTERINE GLANDS Trophoblast Embryoblast (ICM) Extraembr. mesoderm Primitive yolk sac Chorion Operculum Amniotic cavity Trophoblastic lacunae Cytotrophoblast Hypoblast Epiblast Connecting stalk Amnion Germ disc Definitive yolk sac Extraembryonic coelom Chorionic cavity zápatí prezentace 13 Chorionic cavity Extraembryonic mesoderm as ys Trilaminar germ disc Connecting stalk Chorionic villi zárod DORSAL SIDE OF GERM DISC – DAY 14 Wall of amniotic cavity Oropharyngeal membrane Connecting stalk Wall of yolk sac Hypoblast Epiblast Primitive streak Germ disc day 16 Endoderm Mesoderm zárod GERM DISC - DAY 16 Amniotic wall Amniotic cavity Oropharyngeal membrane Notochordal process Cloacal membrane Primitive node Primitive Streak Allantois Ectoderm Primitive pit Notochordal Primitive process streak Oropharyngeal membrane A – view on dorsal side B – longitudinal section zárod GERM DISC - DAY 17 A – longitudinal section, B, C – transversal sections Canal of Lieberkühn Wall of yolk sac Oropharyngeal membrane Notochordal process Connecting stalk Primitive pit Cloacal membrane Notochordal Embryonic /head/ proces mesoderm Embryonic Endoderm mesoderm Notochordal plate Ectoderm Amnion Allantois zápatí prezentace 18 zápatí prezentace 19 GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY I ̶Set of embryological schemes I ̶Atlas of Cytology and Embryology – pg. 71 – 79 ̶ ̶ ̶Discussion ̶3 embryological schemes according to teacher instructions ̶ ̶