I 7.1 XERCISES You are writing a letter to a friend. In the letter you give news about yourself and other people. Use the words given to make sentences. Use the present perfect. Eiear Chris, Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you. Í "17 buy/' a new car .JVe bought a new car.... my father / start / a new job.........................................................................................;.................................. 1/ give up /smoking.......................................................................................................................................... .Charles and Sarah / go / to Brazil.................................................................................................................. i Suzanne / have / a baby.................................................................................................................................... 'ij&äd the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following: ve break go up grow improve lose í Mike is looking for his key. He can't find it.....He has lost his key.... Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. She.................................. H Jylaria's English wasn't very good. Now it is much better.................... Tim didn't have a beard last month. Now he has a beard.................... g| This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it............................ $ Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90................................ Womplete B 's sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet (as shown). A- Y -^-Z- Would you like something to eat? Do you know where Julia is? What time is David leaving? What's in the newspaper today? Is Ann coming to the cinema with us? Are your friends here yet? What does Tim think about your plan? No, thanks. I Vejust haageeeo.far... ■1 Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months ago. (travel / for three months) She........................................................................................................................ (visit / six countries so far).............................................................................................................................. ß Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is national champion again - for the fourth time. (win/the national championship four times)........................................................................................... ; (play / tennis since he was ten)....................................................................................................................... 4 When they left college, Mary and Sue started making films together. They still make films. (make / ten films since they left college) They............................................................................................ (make / films since they left college)........................................................................................................... For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets. 1 You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (how long / learn / Arabic?) ...HowJong.ha.Ye.yoube$Xl.)earmn&hrab\c?... 2 You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (how long / wait?).............................................................................................................................................. t3 You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (how many fish / catch?).................................................................................................................................. 4 Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask: (how many people / invite?)............................................................................................................................ 5 A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (how long / teach?).......................................................................................................................................... 6 You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (how many books / write?) .................................•........................................................................................... (how long / write / books?)............................................................................................................................. 7 A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. You ask: (how long / save?)............................................................................................................................................... (how much money / save?)........................................................................................................................;..... 10.3 Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done etc.) or continuous H (Í have been doing etc.). 1 Where have you been? ...Hayeyou.been.playiii.0... (you/play) tennis? 2 Look! Somebody............................................................................(break) that window. 3 You look tired.............................................................................(you/work) hard? 4 '............................................................................(you/ever/work) in a factory?' 'No, never.' <5 'Jane is away on holiday.' 'Oh, is she? Where..................................................................(she/go)? 6 My brother is an actor. He...........................................................................(appear) in several films. 7 'Sorry I'm late.' 'That's all right. I............................................................................(not/wait) long.' 8 'Is it still raining?' 'No, it............................................................................(stop).' ? I.........................................(lose) my address book...........................................(you/see) it anywhere? 10 I.......................................................(read) the book you lent me but I...................................................... (not/finish) it yet. 11 I..............................................................(read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now. t 21 I UNIT ,2 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them if they are wrong. 1 Bob is a friend of mine. I know him very well. ...Rlffhil... 2 Bob is a friend of mine. I know him for a long time. ...WRffN&.IVe known him.. 3 Sue and Alan are married since July.............................................................................. 4 The weather is awful. It's raining again..........'............................................................. 5 The weather is awful. It's raining all day..................................................................... 6 I like your house. How long are you living there?..................................................... 7 Graham is working in a shop for the last few months............................................. 8 I'm going to Paris tomorrow. I'm staying there until next Friday........................ 9 'Do you still smoke?' 'No, I gave it up. I don't smoke for years.'.................... 10 That's a very old bicycle. How long do you have it?................................................ Read the situations and write questions from the words in brackets. 1 John tells you that his mother is in hospital. You ask him: (how long/ be/ in hospital?) ...hm\9M^».mur..motherMpn.h.hQ6pM)?... 2 You meet a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You ask her: (how long / teach / English?).......................................................................................................................... 3 You know that Jane is a good friend of Carol ]jľ. You ask Jane: (how long / know / Carol?)............................................................................................................................. 4 Your friend's brother went to Australia some time ago and he's still there. You ask your friend: (how long / be / in Australia?).......................................................................................................... 5 Tim always wears the same jacket. It's a very old jacket. You ask him: (how long / have / that jacket?)...................................................................................................................... 6 You are talking to a friend about Alan. Alan now works at the airport. You ask your friend: (how long / work / at the airport?)............................................................................................................... 7 A friend of yours is having driving lessons. You ask him: (how long / have / driving lessons?).............................................................................................................. 8 You meet somebody on a train. She tells you that she lives in Glasgow. You ask her: (always / live / in Glasgow?)........................................................................................................................... Complete B's answers to A's questions. ,/i. Bi Amy is in hospital, isn't she? Do you see Ann very often? Is Margaret married? Are you waiting for me? You know Linda, don't you? Do you still play tennis? Is Jim watching TV? Do you watch TV a lot? Have you got a headache? George is never ill, is he? Are you feeling ill? Sue lives in London, doesn't she? Do you still go to the cinema a lot? Would you like to go to New York one day? Yes, she ...has been... in hospital since Monday. No, I ..l.hayen't.geen.. her for three months. Yes, she...........................................married for ten years. Yes, I..............................................for the last half hour. Yes, we..............................................each other for ages. No, I..............................................tennis for years. Yes, he..............................................TV all evening. No, I..............................................TV for a long time. Yes, I...........................................a headache all morning. No, he........................................ill since I've known him. Yes, I..............................................ill since I got up. Yes, she..............................................in London for the last few years. No, I..............................................to the cinema for ages. Yes, I..............;...............................to go to New York. (use always/want) 23 I 12.1 Write questions with how long and when. \t It's raining. (how long ?) ...HowJpng.has.it been.raining?. (when ?)... Wxendid. it start, raining?, j 2 Kate is learning Italian. (how long / learn?)............................................... (when / start / learn?).......................................... : 3 I know Martin. (how long / know?).............................................. (when / first / meet?)............................................ . 4 Bob and Alice are married. (how long?)............................................................ (when?).................................................................... '12.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences beginning in the way shown. 11 (It's raining now. It's been raining since lunchtime.) It started ...raining at lun.chtjme. I 2 (Ann and I are friends. We first met years ago.) We've ...known each .other f or years.. % 3 (Mark is ill. He became ill on Sunday.) He has...................................................................... 4 (Mark is ill. He became ill a few days ago.) He has............................................................... ■ 5 (Sarah is married. She's been married for two years.) She got........................................... I 6 (You've got a camera. You bought it ten years ago.) I've..............-..................................... I 7 (Sue has been in France for the last three weeks.) She went............................................... 8 (You're working in a hotel. You started in June.) I've......................................................... ;12.3 Put in for or since. 11 It's been raining ...since... lunchtime. 6 Please hurry up! We've been waiting m 2 Tom's father has been doing the same job ................................an hour. ................................20 years. 7 Kevin has been looking for a job ■ 3 Have you been learning English.................... ................................he left school. a long time? 8 The house is very dirty. We haven't I 4 Sarah has lived in London....................1985. cleaned it................................ages. ■ 5 ................................Christmas, the weather 9 I haven't had a good meal..................... has been quite good. last Tuesday. 12,4' Write B's sentences using the words in brackets. II A: Do you often go on holiday? B: (no / five years) ....Nff«.lha)ň?ř).'ř.ÍMd.A.bpJJiíiSy.fffr.fl^.yS3.rs.-... ■ 2 A: Do you often eat in restaurants? B: (no / ages) No, I.............................................................................................................................. I 3 A: Do you often see Sarah? B: (no/about a month) No,............................................................................................................. I 4 A: Do you often go to the cinema? B: (no / a long time) ............................................................................................................................ ■ Now write B's answers again. This time use It's...since... . 5 (i) ..M9j>$9.fiy$yeäX$.§)Y!Cßlbaddho\\day.,„ I 6 (2) No, it's................................................................................................................................................ 17 (3) No,....................................................................................................................................................... m m............................................................................................................................................................... RCISES 7hat has happened in these situations? Jack had a beard. Now he hasn't got a beard. ...He has ©hayed off .his beard,.,. I Linda was here five minutes ago. Now she's in bed. She..................................................................... The temperature was 25 degrees. Now it is only 17. The temperature........................................... fe The light was off. Now it is on. Somebody.............................................................................................. |5 The tree was only three metres high. Now it is four. The tree........................................................... The plane was on the runway a few minutes ago. Now it is in the air. The plane..................................................'.'........................................................................................................... 13.2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple. I 1 'Where's your key?' T don't know. I Ve.lost... it.' (lose) 2 I ...was . very tired, so I lay down on the bed and went to sleep, (be) 3 Mary...................................................to Australia for a while but she's back again now. (go) 4 'Where's Ken?5 'He................................................out. He'll be back in about an hour.' (go) í5 I did German at school but I...................................................most of it. (forget) •6 I meant to phone Diane last night but I....................................................(forget) 7 I...................................................a headache earlier but I feel fine now. (have) 8 Look! There's an ambulance over there. There................................................an accident, (be) 9 They're still building the new road. They...................................................it. (not/finish) pt'O 'Is Helen still here?' 'No, she...................................................out.' (just/go) : 11 The police...................................................three people but later they let them go. (arrest) r|2 Ann........................................me her address but I'm afraid I........................................it. (give, lose) J13 Where's my bike? It............................................outside the house. It............................................! (be, disappear) |il4 What do you think of my English? Do you think I...................................................? (improve) Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. 1 Do you know about Sue? She's given up her job. ...RIGHT. 2 The Chinese have invented printing....WRON&.The.Chi.^ 3 How many plays has Shakespeare written?............................................................................................. 4 Have vou read any of Shakespeare's plays?............................................................................................ 5 Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher.................................................................................................... 6 Ow! I've cut my finger. It's bleeding......................................................................................................... ■ 7 My grandparents have got married in London...................................................................................... 8 Where have you been born?......................................................................................................................... 9 Mary isn't at home. She's gone shopping................................................................................................. 10 Albert Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity.................................................................................................................................... 13.4 (Section C) Put the verb into the most suitable form, present perfect or past simple. Iv'l A: Look! Somebody ...hasspilt... (spill) coffee on the carpet. B: Well, it ...wasn;t... (not/be) me. I ...dldiťt do.,, (not/do) it. jf2 A: Ben...................................................(break) his leg. B: Really? How...................................................(that/happen)? A: He...................................................(fall) off a ladder. 3 A: Your hair looks nice....................................................(you/have) a haircut? B: Yes. A: Who.............................................(cut) it? .............................................(you/go) to'the hairdresser? B: No, a friend of mine...................................................(do) it for me. 27 unser EXERCISES -| 14.1 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. ■ 1 I've lost my key. I can't find it anywhere.....RK?.b.T. 2 Have you seen the news on television last night? ...WRONG:.Didyou see... 3 I've bought a new car. Do you want to see it?.................................................................................. 4 I've bought a new car last week............................................................................................................. 5 Where have you been yesterday evening?............................................................................................ 6 Jenny has left school in 1991................................................................................................................... 7 I'm looking for Mike. Have you seen him?........................................................................................ 8 I'm very hungry. I haven't eaten anything today.............................................................................. 9 Diane hasn't been at work yesterday.................................................................................................... 10 When has this book been published?.................................................................................................... Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. 1 (it / not / rain / this week) ....(t ha.srrt rained this week,... 2 (the weather / be / cold / recently) The weather............................................................. 3 (it / cold / last week) It........................................................................................................... 4 (I / not / read / a newspaper yesterday) I.......................................................................... 5 (I / not / read / a newspaper today).................................................................................... 6 (Ann / earn / a lot of money / this year) ........................................................................... 7 (she / not / earn / so much / last year) ............................................................................... 8 (you / have / a holiday recently?) ........................................................................................ 14.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1 I don't know where Amy is.....H.a.V«.you geen .. (you/see) her? K 2 When I...................................................(get) home last night, I...................................................(be) very tired and I...................................................(go) straight to bed. 3 Your car looks very clean....................................................(you/wash) it? 4 George...................................................(not/be) very well last week. 5 Mr Clark...................................................(work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. 6 Molly lives in Dublin. She..................................................(live) there all her life. 7 '...................................................(you/go) to the cinema last night?' 'Yes, but it ...................................................(be) a mistake. The film...................................................(be) awful.' 8 My grandfather...................................................(die) 30 years ago. I................................................... (never/meet) him. 1 don't know Carol's husband. I...................................................(never/meet/him). A: Is your father at home? B: No, I'm afraid he..................................................(go) out. A: When exactly...................................................(he/go) out? B: About ten minutes ago. A: Where do you live? B: In Boston. A: How long...................................................(you/live) there? B: Five years. A: Where...................................................(you/live) before that? B: In Chicago. A: And how long...................................................(you/live) in Chicago? B: Two years. Write sentences about yourselfUsing the ideas in brackets. 1 (something you haven't done today) . J.h.ayen't ea^.n.any.fry.it today..., 2 (something you haven't done today) ....................................................................................................... 3 (something you didn't do yesterday) ........................................................................................................ 4 (something you did yesterday evening) ................................................................................................... 5 (something you haven't done recently) .................................................................................................... 6 (something you've done a lot recently) ..............................,..................................................................... 29 5ISES 2 the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. You went to Jill's house but she wasn't there, (she / go / out) ...Shehad.asn&.gut..,. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before. (it / change / a lot).......................................................................................................................... I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn't come. (she / arrange / to do something else)....................................................................................... You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late. (the film / already / begin)....................,..................................................................,.................... I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (I / not / see / him for five years)................................................................................................ I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn't hungry. (she / just / have / breakfast)....................................................................................................... . Read the situations and write sentences ending with before. Use the verb given in brackets. '1 The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (fly)... He hail, never flown before.. OR He hadn't flown before,.. •2 A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me. I.......................................................................................................................................................before. see 3 Simon played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it because it was his first game. (play) He............................................................................................................................................................... 4 Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there. (be) We................................................................................................................................................................... Use the sentences on the left to complete the paragraphs on the right. These sentences are in the order in which they happened — so (1) happened before (2), (2) before (3) etc. But your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, so sometimes you need the past perfect. 1 ID Somebody broke into the office during the night. (2) We arrived at work in the morning. (3) We called the police. ; 2 (i) Ann went out. (2) I tried to phone her this morning. (3) There was no answer. 3 (l) Jim came back from holiday a few days ago. (2) I met him the same„day. 13) He looked very well. 4 (l) Kevin wrote to Sally many times. (2) She never replied to his letters. (3) Yesterday he had a phone call from her. (4) He was very surprised. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ..Mi! broken... into the office during the night. So we............... I tried to phone Ann this morning but............ .................................no answer. She...................... .............................out. I met Jim a few days ago. He........................just He........................................................... Yesterday Kevin.................................................... He...........................very surprised. He ...................................................many times but she Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.). 1 'Was Tom at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he ...h&d.äQne... (go) home.' 2 I felt very tired when I got home, so I...................................................(go) straight to bed. 3 The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody..................................................(go) to bed. 4 Sorry I'm late. The car...................................................(break) down on my way here. 5 We were driving along the road when we........................................ (see) a car which. ........................................(break) down, so we..............................-..........(stop) to see if we could help. UNIT EXERCISES 1 g Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. 1 I was very tired when I arrived home. (I/work/hard all day) ...!..hM>een,worWrg.har^all.daif.... 2 The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired, (they / play / football)....................................................................................................................................... 3 There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody / smoke / in the room)................................................................................................................ 4 Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn't know where she was. (she/dream)..............................;......................................................................................................................... 5 When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. (he/watch/TV) ................................................................................................................................................ Read the situations and complete the sentences. 1 We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain. We ...bad. been.pjaying for half an hr?u.C... when ...Jř.started.to.rain.... 2 I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him. After 20 minutes I suddenly realised that I was in the wrong restaurant. I............................................................................for 20 minutes when I....................................................... Sarah got a job in a factory. Five years later the factory closed down. At the time the factory.................................;.........................................., Sarah........................................... .................................there for five years. 1 went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten minutes a man in the audience suddenly began shouting. The orchestra..................................................................................................................when........................ 5 This time make your own sentence: I began walking along the road. I .... when.......................................................... Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing), past perfect (I had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing). 1 It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours ...Mre.hayi.na... (have) a party. 2 We v/ere good friends. We ...M4.^DQwn,. (know) each other for a long time. 3 John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he ...................................................(walk) so fast. 4 Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She................................................... (run). 5 When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They .....................•.............................(eat). 6 When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They...................................................(eat). 7 Jim v/as on his hands and knees on the floor. He...................................................(look) for his contact lens. 8 When I arrived, Kate...................................................(wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she...................................................(wait) for a very long time. 9 I was sad when I sold my car. I...................................................(have) it for a very long time. 10 Wc were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We...................................................(travel) for more than 24 hours. 33