PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION AND SPECIAL PROCEDURES – CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM I. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below. +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Cardiomyopathy Hypertension Thrombus Angina Atherosclerosis | | | | Arrhythmias Myocarditis Heart failure Heart | |attack Stenosis | | | |Aneurism Coronary artery disease (CAD) Ischemia Aortic insufficiency | |(AI) | | | | Valvular heart disease Embolism | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1. ______________________ is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries. It is caused by the slow buildup of plaque on the inside of walls of the arteries. 2. ______________________ occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (the coronary arteries) become hardened and narrowed. The arteries harden and narrow due to buildup of a material called plaque on their inner walls. 3. ______________________ is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart does not get enough blood. 4. A ______________________ happens when a blood clot develops at the site of plaque in a coronary artery and suddenly cuts off blood supply to that part of the heart muscle. Cells in the heart muscle begin to die if they do not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. 5. ______________________ are changes in the normal beating rhythm of the heart. 6. In ______________________, the heart can’t pump blood effectively to the rest of the body. 7. An ______________________ is a localized, blood-filled dilation (bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall. It can occur in arteries at the base of the brain and in the aorta. The bulge in a blood vessel can burst and lead to death at any time. 8. ______________________, which literally means "heart muscle disease", is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (the heart muscle) for any reason. 9. ______________________ is inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart. It is generally due to infection (viral or bacterial). 10. ______________________ is any disease process involving one or more valves of the heart. 11. ______________________ is a medical condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated. 12. ______________________ is a restriction in blood supply, generally due to factors in the blood vessels, with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue. 13. A ______________________ is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure. It is also sometimes called a "stricture". 14. ______________________ is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. 15. A ______________________ is a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there. 16. An ______________________ is a clot that travels from the site where it formed to another location in the body. II. Match. +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |1. Venipuncture |a. This is a simple test that detects and records the electrical | | |activity of the heart. It is used to detect and locate the source| | |of heart problems. | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |2. Cardiac catheterization|b. This test uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the | | |heart. It provides information about the size and shape of the | | |heart and how well the chambers and valves are functioning. | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |3. Electrocardiogram |c. This test takes a picture of the organs and structures inside | | |the chest. These include the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. | | (EKG or ECG) | | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |4. Venogram |d. This medical procedure uses a long, thin, flexible tube called| | |a catheter, which is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin, | | |or neck and threaded to your heart. Through this, doctors can | | |perform diagnostic tests and treatments on your heart. | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |5. Chest X-ray |e. This is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast | | |material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through your heart. | | | | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |6. Thrombectomy |f. This is the collection of blood from a vein, usually for | | |laboratory testing. | | | | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |7. Cardioplasty |g. It is most often used to look at veins in the legs and belly | | |area (abdomen) using x-rays. | | | | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |8. Echocardiogram |h. It is an incision of the heart. | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |9. Coronary angiography |i. It is a surgical repair of the heart. | |--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------| |10. Cardiotomy |j. It is a removal of a thrombus. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ III. Translate. 1. zakřivení páteře 2. kloubní chrupavka 3. vrozený rozštěp páteře 4. dlouhodobé období nehybnosti 5. sádra a dlaha 6. účinnost léčby 7. hrudní koš 8. buňky a tkáně 9. dutiny a roviny těla 10. trávení a vylučování IV. Explain in English. hematopoiesis ulna joint osteoporosis humerus scoliosis femur amputation tibia vessel hypotension septum