K+ - the most abundant cation in the human body
♦ Reference values /S, P = 3.8 - 5.1 mmol/l (adults)
t concentration = hyperkalemia I concentration = hypokalemia
j
luhu b üüy Kr   3,5-4 m oj
JuĽíiieil pitüüiiiiiiiiiiily JX'; 3,S mol JU {^'úVu): U.U5 mu.
EC (2%)"
uliibľanta -b juíiijj'iíjiiiííil i» y íha íiíííjuji oj
The c Na/K pi
ü in Tiie eeU jueiDjjľžiiie,
Na+/K+- ATPase
Outside
Inside
Cardiotonic steroid binding sites
Carbohydrates

ATP-binding sites
-   ILÜI = 1 DU JiijnüJ = 3-4 p
J
*>              I
íiišiiíľy ±>DUľ^^ apricots, animal products, whole grains, legumes, pumpkins, watermelons, raisins,
l/da
líľiliíiľj bÄ^ľbťiDlit 4Ü - ^Ü mm L
iiiľľšiiusil by niäü^í^ľDii^ f [KJr\ m ľbiiíi. 'f* iití
,-LUJ.,
i ^
3"I0U-Ľ> SÄÍ^TIUU:
úa y
Regulation of kalemia
renal handling (liíäus.ibruiib, l<~'r b im í b u i, liuw
núb)
Na/K-ATPase uľihb bbíi mbiiwnisitz
acid-base status:
acidosis: [H4"]/.? '\, íí+ sud v b in i o toils, v/hbľb ihbj
i   y.
L . ~    L .      L
iiw
m n u pnuspiiLTíí aimer im u iir Lire j-sibüsbü una
<-
Tbl
IIlDVb Dili
alkalosis
.11 í D ££ll
ij
t plasma tonicity f U-r\^
K+ significance
maintenance of resting cell membrane potenciál critical to cardiac and neuromuscular electrical activity
maintenance of IC osmolality —> IC volume
j
i *>
r->
L I
sixzyiniťúz ľbiiťúuiiu ü'i 'pTü'ibü3yiiihb3i3.j growth^ iuiĺ í C mbiiibühz vrut
(insulin, glucagon,

El r^mmmo-ü Di norm du e ^e^rexiDU
aldosterone, catecholamines)
CAUSES OF HYPERKALEMIA
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF HYPERKALEMIA
include life-threatening complications!
iX[ eilTDiiili^ II Jll-H  i]f^pDilirizíľtlDii Di lliö £bh mjžlllb'ľilllbu Jr
LQ r]ji£ ÍD iiiíi^íi7íiíiDii Di ihr düiiJilö-b —r
ii/pörpüiiirizii'riüü ojiö i o iiiii^'iiTH'iiüü
muscle weakness (respiratory muscles I; [X ]/ P
iiiiiWWl)
Ciiľáiuvi&ľiiliiľi b'ľiiáyiíľľhyihiiílu^ (\KJr\/jJ> 6,5 íjqíjídJ/J), asystoly ([!<+]/}> > rô mmul/l)
Metu
f mešite Di lüäiLlux, giussigDiL,