Nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli has three main functions, sensory input, integration of data and motor output is composed of excitable nerve cells conducts nerve impulses is divided into two categories: the central nervous system- CNS and the peripheral nervous system -PNS the basic structural and functional unit - neuron cells providing support and protection for neurons -glial cells Neuron receives stimuli transforms stimuli to nerve impulses conducts nerve impulses processes information transmits the electrochemical signal across a synapse Structural classification dendrites telodendron m n 2Fftl axon Multipolar neuron Bipolar neuron Dendritic zone peripheral arm central arm AFFERENT AXON Pseudounipolar neuron Basic function of NS -reflex Development of NS from ectoderm (under influence of the notochord) arises the neural: tube + neural crest 64 Parts derived from the neural tube brain spinal cord Parts derived from the neural crest cranial nerve ganglia dorsal root and autonomic ganglia medulla of the suprarenal gland some bones, cartilage and connective tissue of the head pigment cells ... Cerebral vesicles from the rostral part of the neural tube HS 3. rhombencephalon (hindbrain) 2. mesencephalon (midbrain) Spinal cord medulla spinalis 1. prosencephalon (forebrain) Secondary vesicles 3 myelencephalon medulla oblongata ' metencephalon pons, cerebellum 2. mesencephalon midbrain 1 diencephalon diencephalon " telencephalon telencephalon RECEPTOR EFECTOR Surface of the body Extero receptors Organs of motions Proprio receptors Viscera Intero receptors Afferent CNS Efferent PNS Skeletal muscles Smooth muscles + myocardium Glands Senses Functional types of axons Extero- Somato- receptors sensory Proprio- (SS) receptors J ^^^^ Intero- Viscero- receptors sensory (VS) Senses Sensory (S) Somato + branchio- Skeletal motor (SM) muscles (BM) Viscero-motor (VM) Smooth muscles and myocardium Glands PNS Cranial nerves III. - XII. (I.- XII.) pass through the skull base Spinal nerves - 31 pairs pass through the intervertebral foramina CNS I. Brain medulla oblongata pons mesencephalon cerebellum diencephalon telencephalon II. Spinal cord Structure of the CNS Grey matter - nuclei White matter - nerve tracts: - tractus - fasciculus (lemniscus) Spinal cord transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body contains neural circuits that can independently control numerous reflexes and central pattern generators Functional zones of the spinal cord Extero+ proprio - receptors Intero - receptors ...Sulcus / limitans J- Skeletal muscles Smoot muscles, glands Dorsal horn Ventral horn Grey matter CC DORSAL HORN - afferent neurons SUBST. INTERMEDIA (lateral horn) motoneurons of the ANS VENTRAL HORN - motoneurons ncll. originis White matter Funiculus post. (fasc. gracilis et cuneatus) Funiculus ant. j, f. anterolateralis Funiculus lat. Pseudounipolar cells Ncl. apicalis Subst. gel. Rolandi Ncl. proprius Ncl. thoracicus Ncl. intermed-med Multipolar cells Ncl. intermedio-lat.