Autonomic nervous system Inervation of smooth muscle myocardium glands relative independence on CNS neurons in both CNS and PNS functionally is divided into: sympathetic system parasympathetic system enteric system afferentni ( viscerosensory) fibers accompany efferent fibers CNS SM •— neuron VM neuron PNS autonomic ganglion pregangl. fibre + myelin cholinergic skeletal muscle postgangl. fibres - myelin cholinergic adrenergic smooth muscle myocardium glands cranial parasympathetic system sympathetic thoracic-lumbar system sacral parasympathetic system Sympathetic system Catabolic reaction (corresponds with arousal and energy generation) rffe dilates coronary arteries Sfefe increases heart rate 4Bm increases cardiac output ^§ dilates bronchioles decreases GIT motility * causes mydriasis amtomk } stimulates sweat glands ' ■ _ ■ secretion 'fiS' stimulates secretion of ^shP**- viscous saliva Parasympathetic system Anabolic reactions (promotes calming of the nerves return to regular function, and enhances digestion) decreases heart rate decreases cardiac output constricts coronary arterie relaxes bronchioles ^ causes miosis increases GIT motility stimulates secretion of watery saliva Sympathetic system Central part: ncl. intermediolateralis Peripheral part: pregangl. fibres rr.com. albi Ganglion postgangl. fibres Acetylcholine Noradrenaline Parasympathetic system Central part: CN III, VII, IX, X ncl. intermediolat. S3-4 Peripheral part: pregangl. fibres- Ganglion postgangl. fibres Acetylcholine Acetylcholine Ganglia para vertebral pre vertebral Ciliare, oticum, submand., pterygop. Ggll. in organs Symp. trunk Aortic plexuses heart rate increase decrease coronary arteries dilation constriction bronchioles relaxation constriction pupil dilation constricti gall bladder salivary secretion contraction relaxation viscous watery GIT inhibition of peristalsis acceleratio n of peristalsis I. Pars sympat. Paravertebral ganglia truncus symphaticus cervical 3 thoracic 10 -11 lumbar 4 -5 sacral 4 - 5 ganglion impar Prevertebral ganglia coeliacum mesentericum sup. aorticorenale mesentericum inf. Ganglia tr. sympathici rr. viscerales rr. vasculares nn. splanchnici rr. interganglionares 1 , R. comm. albus I j R. comm. albus m. orbitalis, mm. tarsales^^^M^e rr. orbitales 1 JJ n. X. ~N n. IX. GPP nn. car-tymp a.men.med. GO [ GCs a. facialis rr. laryngophar. ^rr. com. grisei C1-4 n. card. cerv. sup. Transverse processes of C2-4 a. car. com! n.cardiacus cerv. med. rr. com grisei C4,5 GCm GCTh gl. thyr., parathyr. rr. com grisei C7,8 Th 1-3 plx vertebr. n. card. cerv. inf. Transverse processes of C 6,7 rr. com grisei - nn. intercost. nn. cardiaci th. rr. pulmonales rr. oesophagei rr. vasculares - aa. intercost. - aorta > plx. aorticus thorac. n. splanch major n. splanch. pohled zepředu oesophagus. nervi laryngei recurreníes nervus laryngeus recurrens dexter sympatická nervová vlákna podél arteria phrenica inferior sinistra větev z truncus vagalís posterior k plexus coeliacus nervi splanchnid majores sympatická nerwná vlákna podél rámus oesophageus z arteria gastrica sinistra plexus coeliacus a jeho ganglia ramus pbaryngeus nervi vagi -nervus vagus (X.) -nervus laryngeus superior plexus cardiacus plexus pulmonales Ggl. cerv.sup. Ggl. cerv. med. ganglion vertebrate trunci sympathici cervicalis ^-ansa subclavia větev k jícnu a nervus laryngeus recurrens nervi et rami cardiac thoracici (sympathici et parasympathici) adu plexus oesophageus (přední část) větve pro plexus oesophageus z truncus sympathicus, nervus splanchnicus major a plexus aortícus thoracicus nervus splanchnicus major sinister truncus vagalís anterior větev vagu k plexus hepaticus procházející v omentum minus hlavní větev z truncus vagalis anter ke curvatura ventriculi minor větev z nervus vagus k fundus et corpus ventriculi plexus oesophageus (zadní část) truncus vagalís posterior větev z nervu; vagus k fundu: et pars cardiac^ ventrii uli větev z nervus vagus k plexus coeliacus větev z truncus vagalis posterior ke curvatura ventriculi minor Ganglia lumbalia 4-5 Ganglia sacralia 4-5 Ganglion impar 1 Rr. com. grisei (L1 - Co) Nn. splanch. lumb. (plx. aorticus abd.) Nn. splanch. sacrales (plx. hypogastr.) truncus sympathicus dexter ductus lIlOI.K i( us nervus splanch nicus major a minor dexter nervus splanchnicus major a minor dexter plexus suprarenalis truncus vagalis anterior truncus vagalis posterior arteria gastrica sinistra a plexus ganglia coeiiaca nervus splanchnicus major sinister nervus splanchnicus minor sinister arteria et plexus lienalis arteria hepatica communis et plexus ganglion mesentericurr. superius et plexus ganglion aorticorenale sinistrum truncus sympathicus sinister plexus aorticus (intermesentericus) ganglion mesentericum inferius arteria colioi sinistra a plexus arteria mesenterica inferior a plexus arteria rliaca communis sinistra a plexus arteria et plexus rectalis superior plexus hypogastrics superior arteria iliaca interna et externa a plexus nervus hypogastrics dexter et sinister směřující k plexus hypogastricus (pelvicus) inferior plexus 5acralis sinister nervi splanchnici pelvici JIIIUI IUI- Irunais vagalis posterior plexus hypogastrics superior arteria iliaca interna et externa a plexus nervus hypogastric dexter et sinister smerujici k plexus hypogastrics (pelvicusl inferior plexus sacralis sinister nervi splanchnici pelvici Prevertebral ganglia Coeliacum Mesentericum sup. Aorticorenale Mesentericum inf. Ggl. ciliare Ggl. pterygopalat. Ggl. submand. Ggl. oticum Ncl. p. CN X pharynx,oesophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, kidneys, intestine to flex. coli sin., genital glands Sacral parasympathetic s. pregangl. f. - nn. splanch. pelvici to plx. hypog. sup. et inf. - ganglia pelvica > postgangl. f. - effectors intestine from flexura coli sin. organs of pelvis (exept genital glands) erectile bodies of penis and clitoris ANS innervates organs of thorax, abdomen and pelvis through mixed autonomic plexuses Thorax Plx. card. superf. et prof. Plx. aorticus thoracicus Plx. pulmonalis Plx. eosophageus Abdomen Pix. aorticus abdom. 1 % i^tiöP^1 - 1 coeliacus ... hepaticus, gastrici, lienalis, pancreaticus renalis et suprarenalis testicularis / ovaricus uretericus mesent. sup. (n. vagus) mesent. inf. (sacral parasymp.) Pánev *** Plx. hypogastr. sup. N. hypogastr. dx. et sin. Plx. hypogastr. inf. > plexus: rectales medii et inferiores vesicales prostaticus deferentialis uterovaginalis cavernosi penis / clitoridis truncus vagalis anterior truncus vagalis posterior ramus coeliacus arteriae phrenicae riileriori's a pli \us phi t'l ll(us arteria gastrica sinistra a plexus gastricus ganglia coeliaca, plexus a truncus coeliacus ganglion aorticorenale srnistrum ganglion mesenterrcum superius arteria mesenterica superior a plexus mesentericus superior plexus aorticus (intermesentericus) ganglion mesentericum inferius, plexus mesentericus interior a arteria mesenterica inferior ureter a plexus uretericus Plx. hypogastr. sup. superior a plexus rectalis N. hypogastricus parasympaticke nervy z plexus hypogastrics inferior ke colon sigmoideum a colon descendens nervi splanchnici sacrales (sympathies Plx. hypogastr. inf. nervus obturatorius a arteria obturatoria ductus deferens et plexus deferentialis Plx. vesicalis Plx. rectalis Plx. prostaticus nervi cavernosi penis nervus spinalis Th 10 (ramus anterior) ramus communicans albus et griseus nervus splanchnicus bránice arteria renalis sinistra a plexus renalis sinister nervus spinalis L 1 (ramus anterior) griseus ) ramus albus ( communicans nervi splanchnici lumbales (I. - III.) rami communicantes grisei truncus sympathicus a ganglia trunci 5ympatbici nervus splanchnicus lumbalis V. nervus spinalis L5 (ramus anterior) truncus lumbosacralis rami communicantes grisei nervus spinalis S1 (ramus anterior) nervi splanchnici pelvici (parasympathici) plexus sacralis musculus piriformis musculus gluteus maximus a ligamentum sacrotuberal musculus coccygeus a ligamentum sacrospinal - nervus pudendus musculus levator ani nervus anafis (rectalis) inferior ikt\ lis (lerinealis nervus dorsalis penis Enteric system neurons and interneurons in the wall of digestive tube Plx. myentericus Auerbachi Plx. submucosus Meissneri plexuses contain small ganglia ganglia receive signals: from receptors of GIT from CNS via symp. a parasymp. nerves through interneurons control activity of GIT through stimulation or inhibition of motoneurons of enteric system = controls tonus and motions of digestive tube and secretion of glands enteric VS neuron enteric interneuron enteric motor neuron