Anaerobes •Microscopy+cultivation: pleomorphism, VL agar/broth, growth 3-5 days •Biochemical signs: various activity, smell •Dg.: microscopy, cultivation, biochemistry •Pathogenity: component of common nasopharyngeal flora, vagina etc. Conditional pathogenic, originate absceses, inflammation of abdominal cavity, little pelvic, endogenous origin •Therapy: incision, drenage, linkomycin, klindamycin, metronidazol • Anaerobes •G-cocci • Veillonella parvula •raises mixed endogenous infection • • •G+cocci • Peptococcus niger has dark colonies •Peptostreptococcus • split peptides • G-rods •Bacteroides fragilis - grey colonies, is resistant to penicilin, kanamycin, susceptible to rifampicin • •Porfyromonas gingivalis – brown/black pigment with fluorescence in UV rays, resistant to kanamycin, susceptible to PNC, rifampicin, raises inflammation of oral cavity • •Prevotella melanogenica - black pigment, originates tonsilitis, usual cultivation is negative • G-rods •Fusobacterium nucleatum, necrophorum – looks like fibre, originates pneumonia, liver absces • •Fusospirochetosis - originates gangrenous disintegration of a tissue • •Mobiluncus sp. - movable, originates bacterial female vaginosis, difficult cultivation, usually we don’t practise • G+rods forming spores •C. botulinum •C. tetani •C. difficile •C. perfringens, novyi, septicum etc. • • •C. botulinum • •Microscopy+cultivation: G+ rods, colonies with irregular borders (blood agar) and β-hemolysis •Factors of virulence: Component of intestine, produce toxin (food contamination). Botulotoxin A-G (A and B preserve vegetables, E preserve meat) – has influence on neuromuscle disc, causes inhibition of acetylcholin release - muscle paralysis •Pathogenity: 3 types of a botulinism - alimentary, wound (spors are taken into the wound), suckling (toxin is produced direct in intestine). Manifestation of poisoning: vomiting, weakness, double sight, mydriasis, ileus, muscle paralysis including respiratory muscle • Botulotoxin is used also in plastic surgery, bioterrorism •Dg.: neutralisation mouse demonstration, toxin detection (chromatography) in blood, vomitting, food remainders •Therapy+ prevention: antitoxic serum, regular preservation • • C. tetani •Microscopy+cultivation: G+rods, terminal spores, weak coated and weak hemolysis •Pathogenity+pathogenesis: in digestive tract of mammalia, spors are taken into the wound (for ex. fork), germinate and produce toxins (tetanolysin and tetanospasmin - inhibition of release of inhibitory mediators). Clinical signs: convulsion (mim. muscles-risus sardonicus, bow bended body-opistotonus, trismus-impossibility to open the mouth), muscle ruptures, fractures •Dg.: microscopy, cultivation, demonstration on mouse •Therapy+prevention: antitetanic globulin, myorelaxantia, vacccination • • 11-14_ctetani 03 20-08_Tetanus_1 Tetanus C. difficile •Mikroscopy+cultivation: G+rods, subterminal spores, on selective soil form colonies with rough surface, big 3-5 mm, without hemolysis •Pathogenity+patogenesis: long-term using of antibiotics like klindamycin, cefalosporins lead to inhibition of common flore, discover of ulceration covered with pablanes, diarrhoea, temperature – “pseudomembraneous colitis” •Factors of a virulence: A and B toxins, only both together cause the disease •Dg.: cultivation on selective media, toxin detection via ELISA method •Therapy: vankomycin, metronidazol • Clostridia of anaerobic traumata •C. perfringens, novyi, septicum, histolyticum etc. •Pathogenity: wound infection, fascitis, gangrenes companied with pain in wound, swelling, bubble crepitation in tissue •Dg.: microscopy, cultivation •Therapy: PNC, linkosamids, hyperbaric chamber, anti-shock therapy, surgical therapy, antigangrenous serum • C. perfringens • Factors of virulence: toxic enzymes – α-toxin (fosfolipase, lecitinase), enterotoxin, β-toxin etc. •Dg.: microscopy, cultivation, detection of α-toxin (lecitinase) - coagulation of egg lecitin, specifity of lecitinase we demonstrate with inhibition of precipitation • • Anaerobox Anae1 Anaerostat Anae3 • Citric acid + NaHCO3 + O2 + N2 • • Pd catalysator • • CO2 + H2O + H2 + N2 • Anaerobic atmosphere •