Haemophilus
Morphology: G- pleomorfous rods, facultative anaerobe
Cultivation:
•Is dependent on growth factors haemin (X) and NAD (V)
•They are not able to grow on BA, growth factors must be released by S. aureus and haemophilus
grows around S. aureus (satellite phenomenon)
•Grows also on Levinthal agar in little transparent colonies or on choccolate agar (CHA)
•

H. influenzae
•Biochemistry: indol formation, urease, ornitindekarboxylase
•Factors of virulence: capsule - 6 serotypes (a-f), the highest pathogenicity b
•Pathogenicity:
•Capsuled strains:
•serotype b: faryngitis, sinusitis, otitis, epiglotitis (children 2-5 years), meningitis
•other serotypes: faryngitis, pneumonia, sinusitis
•notcapsuled strains: light respiratory infections
•Therapy: amoxycillin, co-amoxicillin, cotrimoxazol, macrolides, cefalosporins
•In epiglotitis: sitting + wet cold air
•Meningitis: cefalosporins 3rd generation
•Prevention: vaccination of children
•
•Cultivation and detection: CHA,
•satellite phenomenon on BA in presence of S. aureus,
•depression of normal flora via bacitracin,
•Detection of a type due to growth factors (XV factor)/porfyrine test
•latex. agglutination (cerobrospinal fluid, serotype detection)
   X
V
  XV

Other haemophili
•H. parainfluenzae
•Light resp. infections, needs factor V
•
•
•
•H. aphrophilus
•Causes light resp. infections, needs factor X
•
•
•
•H. ducreyi
•Causes ulcus molle
•
•
•Haemophilus parainfluenzae, h.aphrophilus, h. paraaphrophilus (+Actinobacilus+
Cardiobacterium+Eikenella+Kingela) can cause endocarditis - HACEK
•
V
X
V
    X
XV
    XV

Pasteurella multocida
•Morphology: G- pleomorfous rods, facultative anaerobe
•
•Cultivation: on BA forms little transparent watery colonies, Levinthal agar,CHA
•Pathogenicity: light respiratory infections, wound infections
•Therapy: ampicillin,fluoroquinolons, tetracyclin
• ! Dg. sign: resistance to vancomycin, susceptibility to pnc
•Cultivation and diagnosis: CHA, BA, biochemistry
•Epidemiology: present in mouth of animals, often in wounds bitted by cat or dog.
•
lisa kocour

Pseudomonas
•P. aeruginosa
•
•Microscopy: G-rods with capsule
•Cultivation: on BA pearled shine colonies with haemolysis, various pigments, smells
•like yasmine
•Biochemistry: oxidase +, catalase +
•Factors of virulence: capsule, slime, enzymes, haemolysins
•Pathogenicity: wound infections (in burns), urinary tract infections, nosocomial infections and
sepsis in immunocompromised patients
•Therapy: often multiresistant strains, antipseudomonade penicillins, cefalosporins of 3rd and
4th generation, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolons
•Lab. detection: direct - cultivation and microscopy, biochemistry
•
•
•Other pseudomonades: biochemical detection, typical resistance to ATB
•Burkholderia cepacia – colonisation of lungs in cystic fibrosis patients, urinary infections
•Stenotrophomonas maltophilia – catheter sepsis,ventilatory pneumonias (VAP)
•
•
•Other G-nonfermenting bacteria (biochemical identification)
•Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumanii - oxidase negative, immobile, resistant, similar spectrum of
diseases like P. aeruginosa
•
•
psae