}Latin - a dead language?
}


}History of Greek-Latin medical terminology
}=
}history of medicine

}460 – 370 B.C.
}
}Corpus Hippocraticum (53 books)
}
}Hippocratic oath
image-01-large.jpg

}"Invia est in medicina via sine lingua Latina"
}


}Latin alphabet
}and pronunciation


}24 letters
}
} W and j are missing
}
}I ↔ J:  maior/major; ieiunum/jejunum x tinctura
}
}Kinetosis; kyphosis/cyphosis; cystis
}
}Y: syndesmosis
}
}Z: zygomaticus
}

}1) Vowels:
}a) Short
}a – glandula (cup)
}e – membrum (pen)
}i (y) – minimus, lympha (finger)
}o – fossa (top)
}u – tarsus (put)
}
}b) Long
}a – sanus (car)
}e – vena
}i (y) – vita (dream)
}o – novus (door)
}u – purus (boom)
1)
}2) Diphthongs:
}1) ae, oe - aequalis, lagoena – the same like long e
}2) oē – eupnoe
}3) eu - eutrophia

}3) Consonants:
}1) c:
}a) /k/:
}+ a, o, u – caput, costa, cubitus
}Before a consonant - cranium
}At the end of the word – lac
}
}b) /c/:
}Before e, i, ae, oe, y – cerebrum, circum, caecus, coeliakia, cystis

}2) ch: chirurgia
}
}3) j: jejunum (yes)
}
}4) r: ruptura
}
}5) s: /z/ - nasus, pulsus, morsus, mensis, plasma
}
}6) di, ni: digitus, nicotinum
}
}7) ti:
}a) /ti/ - tibia
}b)/ci/ - functio
}c) /ti/: s, x + ti – ostium, mixtio
}
}
}

}8) ex: /egz/ - exitus x extrauterinus
}
}9) ngu: /ngv/ - sanguis
}
}10) qv: /kv/ - aqua
}
}11) ph: /f/ - phalanx
}
}12) rh: /r/ - rhaphe
}
}13) th: /t/ - thorax
}
}14) su: /sv/ - suavis x superior
}

}Sēpsis post vulnus pūnctum in regiōne
}abdōminālī


}Cancer duodeni
}Dorsum linguae
}Sanguis venosus
}Deviatio septi nasi ad latus sinistrum
}Post injectionem intravenosam
}Pulvis adspersorius
}Ostium venae cavae
}Musculi recti, obliqui
}Lobi et partes hypophysis
}Oedemata membrorum inferiorum
}Asthma bronchiale

}9 parts of speech
}
}Inflected x uniflected parts of speech
}
}In medical terminology:
}  Nouns, adjectives, numerals, prepositions, verbs
}
}
}
}
}

}1) Gender: 2) Number:
}a) Masculines a) Singular
}b) Feminines b) Plural
}c) Neutrals
}
}
}3) Case: 4) Declension:
}1) Nominative 1) 1st declension
}2) Genitive 2) 2nd declension
}3) Dative 3) 3rd declension
}4) Accusative 4) 4th declension
}5) Vocative 5) 5th declension
}6) Ablative
}
}

}Nominative = subject
}(e.g. fractura tibiae, lagoena aquae destillatae)
}
}Genitive = a part of st./a relation to st.
}(e.g. musculus dorsi, fractura tibiae)
}
}Accusative - with some prepositions
}(e.g. post operationem)
}
}Ablative – wih some prepositions
}(e.g. sine complicationibus)




}1st declension: ā-stems (venārum)
}
}2nd declension: ō-stems (nervōrum)
}
}3rd declension:
}a) Consonant stems (dolorum)
}b) i-stems: pelvium
}
}4th declension: u-stems (ductuum)
}
}5th declension: ē-stems (faciērum)
}




}5 declensions of nouns
} x
}3 declensions of adjectives
}x
}4 conjugations of verbs
}