Mycology
•Cultivation: Sabourad agar (SABA) with antibiotics, thiamin (enables pigmentation of filamentous
fungi), cultivation 28-30 ºC, dimorphic fungi 22 and 37 ºC
•Biochemistry: various
•Predisposition: DM, immunocompromised patients, patients treated with broad spectrum antibiotics,
transplanted, burns aj.
•Therapy: antimycotics - local or systemic
C:\Documents and Settings\muprac\Dokumenty\Černohorská\LF MUas\Penicillium%20chrysogenum.jpg
C:\Documents and Settings\muprac\Dokumenty\Černohorská\LF MUas\muchomruka.jpg

Yeasts
Candida
•Microscopy: G+potato-like forms
•Cultivation: on Sabourad agar grow in creamy colonies, via 28-30 C, in 5-7 days, on BA in 24h,
smell like bread
•Biochemistry: asimilate various sugars (auxanograms, zymograms)
•Pathogenicity: superficial infections – soor, vaginal candidiasis, oesophagitis, onychomycosis
•systemic infections – cystitis, sepsis
•Dg.: direct – microscopy, cultivation, PCR
•Therapy: systemic fluconazol, itraconazol, amphotericin, local clotrimazol etc.
•C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei+glabrata (both resistant to fluconazol)
•--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
•Cryptococcus neoformans
•Microscopy: thick capsule
•Pathogenicity: pneumonia, meningitis
•

Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci)
•Pathogenicity: frequent in HIV patients, new-borns, after transplantations…
•Pneumocystis pneumonia – hard respiratory insufficiency
•Dg.: microscopy – Giemsa staining, silver staining, PCR
•Therapy: cotrimoxazol
C:\Documents and Settings\muprac\Dokumenty\Černohorská\LF MUas\pneumocystis1.gif

Dimorphic fungi
•Lower temperature – filamentous form, higher temperature – yeast form
•Coccidiodes immitis
•Cultivation: 3-5 days
•Pathogenicity: lung damage
•--------------------------------------------------------
•Filamentous fungi
•Zygomycetes (Mucor, Rhizopus etc.)
•Cultivation: quickly growth, jacket like brown/black colonies
•Pathogenicity: systemic mycosis (rhinocerebral, pulmonar), burn infections, otomycosis
•Therapy: amphotericin
•
C:\Documents and Settings\muprac\Dokumenty\Černohorská\LF MUas\mucor3.gif

Quickly growing other
•Genus Aspergillus
•Cultivation: various pigments
•Pathogenicity: lung aspergilosis, asthma, mycotoxin producers, damage kidneys and liver
(contamination of peanuts, cashew nut aj.)
•Dg.: microscopy – silver staining, hematoxylin, Parker ink
•Indirect: double immunodiffusion, imunoELFO
•Therapy: amphotericin
•
•Genus Penicillium
•Patogenicity: asthma, allergy, dermatomycosis. Serve as starting cheese cultures, produce toxins!!
C:\Documents and Settings\muprac\Dokumenty\Černohorská\LF MUas\aspergillus_niger.jpg C:\Documents
and Settings\muprac\Dokumenty\Černohorská\LF MUas\penicillium.jpg

Dermatophytes
•Genus Epidermofyton, Trichofyton, Microsporum etc...
•
•Cultivation: 2-6 weeks, various pigments
•Biochemistry: various
•Pathogenicity: infection of skin due to dermatophytes is called tinea: capitis, corporis, pedis...
•Therapy: difficult, weeks to months
•Dg.: microscopy: Parker stain/Rylux, cultivation on SABA, special tests
C:\Documents and Settings\muprac\Dokumenty\Černohorská\LF MUas\mcanis1.jpg
Microsporum