The most frequent agents of STD
•Papillomaviruses
•Chlamydiae
•Yeasts
Other common agents of STD:
HBV,
HCV
HIV
HSV 2
Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma
Gardnerella vaginalis
        Trichomonas vaginalis
Sarcoptes scabiei
Phthirus pubis

Papillomaviruses
The most frequent agent of genital infections
Genotypes 6, 11 and many others:                  both ♂ & ♀: anogenital warts  (condylomata
accuminata)
Genotypes 16, 18 and some other                   ♀: infection of cervix → Ca
Vaccination against carcinogenic types!

http://missinglink.ucsf.edu
Anogenital warts  (condylomata accuminata)


Chlamydiae
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D to K            ♂: urethritis
      ♀: cervicitis
Therapy: macrolides and tetracyclines
Lab. dg: direct: detection of antigen
                           detection of DNA
                           culture (special cell culture)




http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/chl-life.jpg
The developmental cycle of Chlamydia


http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu
Adult Chlamydial Conjunctivitis


Yeasts
Candida albicans ♂: balanoposthitis                                     ♀: vaginal mycosis
Therapy: topical imidazoles (clotrimazole)
                systemic triazoles (fluconazole)
Lab. dg: microscopy
               culture (Sabouraud agar)




Trichomonas vaginalis
http://depts.washington.edu


Trichomonads
Trichomonas vaginalis (a flagellate)
♂: asymptomatic carriers
♀: vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis
Therapy: metronidazole (both partners)
Lab. dg: microscopy (wet mount, Giemsa stained film) & culture on special media

Viral agents of STD – HSV 2
Herpes simplex virus 2
♂ & ♀: herpes genitalis
Therapy: acyclovir
Lab. dg:
•PCR
•serology (primary infection)

http://www.nlm.nih.gov
Hepatitis B, C  (VHB, VHC)


Hepatitis C virus
♂ & ♀: viral hepatitis C, acute and chronic
Lab. dg:
- detection of viral RNA
- detection of antibodies (anti-HCV)
Hepatitis B virus
♂ & ♀: viral hepatitis B, acute and chronic
A recombinant vaccine (HBsAg)
Lab. dg: markers
HBsAg, anti-HBs
HBeAg, anti-HBe
 X            anti-HBc
HBV DNA

Viral agents of STD – HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2)
♂ & ♀: AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Therapy: combination of antiretrovirotics (HAART = highly active antiretroviral treatment)
Lab. dg: detection of antibodies + Ag                                 (& confirmation of positive
findings)
               special tests: viral load

Parasitic agents of STD
Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite)
♂ & ♀: scabies (mange)
Therapy: antiscabiotics (permethrine, lindane)
Lab. dg: microscopy from skin
Phthirus pubis (pubic louse, crab louse)
♂ & ♀: pediculosis pubis (phthiriasis)
Therapy: lindane
Lab. dg: demonstration of lice or eggs


Jacques-Louis David
(1748-1825):
Death of Marat (1783)
•Jean Paul Marat, murdered by Charlotte Corday in 1793, was initially a physician
•He was run through when taking a bath for treatment  his skin disorder (probably  dermatitis
herpetiformis Dühring)