> future time will and won't Use will and won't • for factual predictions. Inflation will increase by 1% over the next twelve months. Inflation will almost certainly increase by 1% over the next twelve months. Other qualifying adverbials include definitely, probably, no doubt • for habits of which the speaker disapproves. He will keep opening the window. Jack is so lazy. He'll spend the whole day lying in bed reading the papers. « for an assumption taken from the facts. 'The phone's ringing.' That'll be Sue. I'm expecting her to phone.' • for an immediate decision. 'Anything to drink, sir?' I'll just have a glass of water, please.' • Will is used to express many other meanings connected with the future (see Unit 15). Offer /'// carry that for you. Refusal They won't give me my ball back! In speech, contractions are frequently used, so /'//, you'll, he'll etc are the usual spoken forms. shall and shan't • Shall and shan't are forms of will used in first person singular and plural in formal and deliberate speech, and in many modal uses (see Unit 16). We shall inform you, upon admission, of the rules of the Library. I'll give you my work on Friday.' I shall look forward to receiving it!' be going to Use be going to • for personal plans and intentions. I'm going to stay in this evening and watch an old film. What are you going to do now? I don't know! » when the cause of a possible event is present. Look at the colour of the sky! It's going to snow. • for decisions about the future. I've decided what I'm going to do. I'm going to phone the police. will or going to? ® In many cases, will as prediction can be replaced by going to, especially in everyday speech. This is not true for other meanings of will. Inflation will increase by 1% over the next twelve months. As I see it, inflation is going to increase by 1% over the next twelve months. • Normally going to cannot be replaced by will without changing the meaning. • Was going to describes events which were supposed to happen, but did not. / was going to come over and see you, but I left it too late. be to, be about to, be on the point of, be due to • ße to is used to describe arrangements with future reference. The conference is to take place in July. • The past arrangement form is was I were to have done. There was to have been a second match but it was cancelled. • Be (just) about to describes what is going to happen very soon. / can't talk now. I'm just about to go out. • The past form describes an event in the past which was going to happen soon. / was about to go to bed when the phone rang. • Be on the point of has a more formal meaning than about to. David is on the point of leaving the company. m Be due to do, be due describe what is expected to happen. The train is due to arrive at any moment. The train is due. present simple and continuous e Present continuous can be used for a fixed arrangement (one already definitely made). We're having a party on Saturday. Do you want to come? Using going to in this example gives the same information. We're going to have a party on Saturday. Do you want to come? • Present simple can be used for a fixed future event. There is no personal choice here. Next year Christmas is on a Tuesday. future time clauses • After time expressions as soon as, after, before, by the time, immediately, the moment, until, when etc we use present simple although there is a future reference. As soon as we make a decision, we'll let you know. • Present perfect is also used instead of present simple to show completion. As soon as I've finished this letter, I'll help you. • Going to is also possible instead of will to show a future plan. As soon as I've saved up enough money, I'm going to buy a car. future continuous Use future continuous for • an event or a state at a future point. This time next week, they'll be lying on the beach in the Seychelles! • events that have already been arranged for a future date. The Rolling Stones will be performing in Moscow in June. • very formal requests. Will you be wanting anything else, sir? future perfect simple and continuous • Use for time looked back on from a future point. By the time the exam begins, I'll have forgotten everything! By the end of the month, I'll have been working at this company for ten years! These examples look into the future to 'when the exam begins' and 'the end of the month', and then back from there. At that future point, the speaker can say 'I have forgotten' or 'I have been working'. • Use to express an assumption. You'll have heard the news about Anna, I suppose? hope, expect, think, believe, doubt whether These verbs introduce and show our attitude to future actions. o With think, expect, believe we show negative meaning by using don't think I expect I believe. I don't think you'll like this. I don't believe I'll be late. Hope can be followed by will or a present tense. The other verbs are followed by will. I hope you have I will have a good time. I expect you'll want some tea. I doubt whether they'll be here before six. Underline the best verb form. a 'Have you decided yet?' 'Yes, I'll have /1 have the roast beef, please.' b Q: How will I have known / will I know that I have won a prize? A: You are receiving / will receive an email giving full details. Quick get out of the car! It's going to burst/It's bursting into flames at any minute! d Don't come round before midday, because I'll be cleaning/1 clean the house until then, e Sorry I can't come on Thursday evening. I'm going to work / I'm working late on an important project. f The cost of construction /s almost certainly rising/ will almost certainly rise before the end of the year as wage increases begin to take effect, ij The conference is going to begin / begins next Friday morning at 9.00. 11 Here's the money you asked for - €1000. What will you / are you going to do with it? i Why don't you give Helen this cheap perfume instead of the expensive one! She won't have known / won't know the difference! j I just want to remind everyone that we'll be holding/ we hold a Latin-American evening at the town hall this Friday. Choose all possible forms, A, B or C, to complete the sentence. 'The fish is very fresh. And the beef is very good too.' 'I think A, J3 the fish.' 'There's someone knocking at the door! Who can it be at this time of night?' '....................Helen. She said she might come round to watch the midnight movie on TV.' 'I've just received some new sales figures..................them very much, I'm afraid.' Over the next six months, the company....................ten new supermarkets in France. ....................with this kind of problem before, I expect, so I'll leave you to get on with it. f According to sources close to the prime minister's office, the foreign minister..................... g Well, that's all for today.....................you next week at the same time, if that's all right. h Next year....................some time travelling, and then look for a teaching job. i The problem we have with Jack is that he....................insist on opening all the windows in the cold weather. j There's not much bread, I'm afraid. I hope....................eat it all before the others arrive! k At this rate, by the time we get to the party, most people..................... I The riot police are running into the square. There....................trouble! I've just received some new sales figures... a A I'm going to have B I'll have C I'm about to have b A That's going to be B That'll be C It's due to be c A You're not going to like B You won't like C You're not liking d A is going to open B will be opening C is opening e A You are going to deal B You are dealing C You'll have dealt f A is on the point of resigning B is due to resign C is about to resign g A I'm going to see B I'm seeing C I'll see h A I'm spending B I'm going to spend C I'll spend i A is going to B is about to C will i A you won't B you aren't about to C you're not going to k A will leave B will have left C are on the point of leaving 1 A is going to be B will be C is due to be Complete the sentence with the present simple or w/7/-future form of the verb in brackets. a We will usually respond to enquiries immediately we (receive) <'C-c.C-iVC them. b When we (reach) .........................................................an agreement, we'll ask our legal department to draft a contract. c Work on the second stage of the project (begin)............................................................. as soon as the first stage (prove).................................................................successful. d Until the economic situation (improve).................................................................., the company (not risk) ..................................................................any further investment in this field. e A detailed break-down of the figures (appear) .................................................................on our web site as soon as both companies (sign)..................................................................the agreement. f Our office (contact)..................................................................you the moment we (have).................................................................. any news. g Our human resources team (then assess)..................................................................your application before we (decide)..................................................................whether you can go forward to the next stage. h By the time the banks (reach) ................................................................an agreement on this issue, the amount of debt (be)..................................................................out of control. Write a new sentence with the same meaning containing the word in capitals. a The 12th English Teaching Conference takes place on 5-12 June. TO TV. [Z+'a tn^iskTe.acAinq CoH$e,re,Ac,e, is -re \d