Complete a word which fits best. 1. A thin muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. __________ 2. __________ are two main branches of the trachea that go into the lungs. This then further divides into smaller channels called __________, which end in __________individual air sacs. 3. The right lung has three parts which are called __________. 4. The nose has two openings through which the air is inhaled, they are called __________ 5. Thick, viscous, gel-like material that functions to moisten and protect inner body surfaces such as the inside of a nose. ________ 6. An organ in the larynx by means of which we can make sounds. ___________ 7. A tough, elastic connective tissue found in the joints, outer ear, nose, larynx, and other parts of the body. __________ 8. The respiration process has two parts: _________ (inhaling) and __________ (exhaling) 9. A delicate membrane that encloses the lungs. __________ Form adjectives from the following nouns. lungs - p_____ bronchus- _______ respiration- __________ alveolus - ____________ diaphragm - ___________ trachea - _________ nose - ___________ pleura - ________ Key A thin muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. ___diaphragm__ Bronchi are two main branches of the trachea that go into the lungs. This then further divides into smaller channels called bronchioles, which end in alveoli, individual air sacs. The right lung has three parts which are called lobes. The nose has two openings through which the air is inhaled, they are called _____nostrils___ Thick, viscous, gel-like material that functions to moisten and protect inner body surfaces such as the inside of a nose. ____mucus________ An organ in the larynx by means of which we can make sounds. ____vocal cord/voice box________ A tough, elastic connective tissue found in the joints, outer ear, nose, larynx, and other parts of the body. __cartilage___ The respiration process has two parts: ___inspiration______ (inhaling) and ____expiration______ (exhaling) A delicate membrane that encloses the lungs. _pleurae___ Form adjectives from the following nouns. lungs (pulmonary) bronchus (bronchial) respiration (respiratory) alveolus (alveolar) diaphragm (diaphragmatic) trachea (tracheal) nose (nasal) pleura (pleural) ! remember singular and plural of some words is irregular: alveolus - alveoli bronchus - brochi pleura - pleurae 2. Watch the video on „Where does snoring come from”, answer the following questions. What method is used in the video for determining the cause of snoring? How is it done? Sleep/sedated endoscopy What parts of the body can cause snoring? nose, back of the tongue, soft palate, uvula, vocal cords/voice box,… What treatment for snoring is suggested in the video? surgery (different types of surgery, e.g. septoplasty, tongue reduction or advancement, etc.) Relative Clauses 1. Transform these sentences using a relative pronoun. The girl who/that was injured in the accident is now in hospital. The girl who was in the accident is now in hospital. The patient (who/whom/that) the consultant wanted to see is no longer here. Where is the syringe which/that was in this box? Have you bought the ointment (which/that) you wanted? I know a couple of people who/that suffer from asthma. Do you know the woman (who/that) the obstetrician is talking to? / who that is talking to the obstetrician? Here are the books (which/that) I was looking for. for which I was looking. I did not get a job which/that was advertised in Newsweek. 2. Grammar rules: which, that, subject, more, object, formal, who, whose, whom We use ____who that_____ for people. x We use ___which that____ for things. We use ____whose_____ to refer to a fact that something belongs to someone or something. You must use who/that/which when it is the _____subject____ of the relative clause. You can leave out who/that/which when it is the ___object______ of the relative clause. The use of who/which is more _____formal____ than that. If the relative pronoun is an object (or is used with a preposition), we use ____whom__ in a formal situation. 3. Complete what or that. a) ___What___ happened was my fault. b) Everything ___that___ happened was my fault. c) The device __that____ broke down is working again. d) Did you hear __what___ they said? e) I gave her all the money ___that___ I had. f) ___what____ = the thing(s) that 4. Complete a relative pronouns, sometimes there are more possibilities. Lungs are the organs which/that help us breathe. The amount of oxygen which/that/- people inhale can be measured. Louis Pasteur was a French microbiologist who/that discovered the principles of vaccination. The donor whose kidney was removed has recovered quickly. The diseases which were/that were/ - described in the lecture are very contagious. He is one of the scientists who/whom/that/ - I admire the most. This is his third book, the publication of which made such an impression. A hospital is a place in which/where sick people are treated. 1667 was when/ the year in which the first successful blood transfusion was carried out. I can’t think of a reason why I should help you. This is how /the way we do appendectomy. Tell the people who are/- waiting outside to come in. Dealing with pain. 2) 1-f, 2h, 3g, 4e, 5b, 6c, 7a, 8d 3) mild/slight, not bad, moderate, quite bad, severe ![sɪˈvɪə], unbearable, agonizing Cough A cough may be productive… or non- productive… described as loose… as dry… Sputum (or phlegm… blood-stained… I used to smoke heavily, but I gave up… Do you cough up any phlegm… Have you ever noticed… to get my breath back Cigarette ban - for or against? It has become fashionable in the world today to condemn smoking. However, although I feel that smoking can be harmful, I do not think it should be banned completely. Let me deal first with the positive side of smoking. First, smoking undoubtedly helps many people to relax. For some, it even improves concentration. Many people like to smoke before exams or when they are relaxing with friends. A further point is that governments throughout the world make huge profits from levying taxes on cigarettes. This provides funds which are used for building schools, hospitals and other public amenities. The tobacco industry also employs tens of thousands of people throughout the world, particularly in poorer countries like Zimbabwe or India. Without cigarettes, these people would have no jobs. I would also argue that people should have the right to choose whether they smoke or not. People should not smoke in a room where there are non-smokers but surely they should be free to smoke elsewhere. However, despite these points, the arguments against smoking are strong. Smoking has been shown to be dangerous to health. Heart disease, bronchitis and lung cancer have all been linked. A further issue is that smoking costs governments millions of pounds because of the large number of people who need treatment in hospitals for smoking related problems. There is also concern today about passive smoking. Recent research has shown that non-smokers can suffer health problems if they spend long periods of time among people who do smoke.