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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTION:
fylogenetically the oldest part of NS, control smooth muscles,
glands, heart
FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS:
Parasympaticus – anabolic reactions (store the energy)
Sympaticus – catabolic function (release the energy)
Enteric system
MORPOLOGICAL DIVISIONS:
Central
Peripheral
CENTRAL PART OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Hypothalamus (subsystem of limbic brain = visceral brain)
Ncll. hypothalamici ant.
control parasympaticus
(fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis)
Ncll. hypothalamici medii
Control the sympaticus
(over RF, tr. tegmentalis centralis)
PARASYMPATICUS (cranio-sacral system)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. III.
(ggl. ciliare)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. VII.
(ggl. pterygopalatinum, ggl.submandibulare)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. IX.
(ggl. oticum)
Ncl. parasympaticus n. X
(organs of neck, thorax, abdominal – until
flexura coli sinistra!!!, genital glands)
Sacral segments of spinal cord (S2-4), ncl.
intermediolateralis
(organs of pelvis except of genital glands)
SYMPATICUS - system (cervico)-thoraco-lumbar
Ncl. intermediolateralis
(from C8 until L2)
from C8 until L2 – radix ant. sp. nerve
n. spinalis
tr. sympaticus
r.comm. albus
TRUNCUS SYMPATICUS
ganglia trunci sympatici (paravertebral)
cervicalia 3 (sup., med., inf.)
thoracica 10-11
lumbalia 4-5
sacralia 4-5
ganglion impar
rami interganglionares
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GANGLION TRUNCI SYMPATICI – eferent fibres
rr.comm. grisei
(to the n. spinalis - skin)
rr. vasculares (net around the
arteries)
To the organs:
rr. viscerales
(postganglionic fibres)
nn. splanchnici
(praeganglionic fibres,
praevertebral and intramural
plexus)
PARS CERVICALIS PARTIS SYMPATICAE
Ganglion cervicale superius
rr. comm. grisei - nn. spinales C1 –C4
n. jugularis (n.IX.,n.X.)
rr. vasculares - n. caroticus int., ext.
rr. viscerales - rr. laryngopharyngei
n. cardiacus cervic.sup.
Ganglion cervicale medium
rr. comm. grisei - nn. spinales C5 –C6
rr. vasculares - pl. caroticus comm.
rr. viscerales - gl. thyroidea, ggl.
parathyroidae
n. cardiacus cervic.med.
Ganglion cervicale inferius
rr. comm. grisei - nn. spinales C6 –C7
rr. vasculares - pl. subclavius
rr. viscerales - gl. thyroidea, ggl.
parathyroidae
n. cardiacus cervic.inf.
PARS THORACICA PARTIS SYMPATICAE
rr. comm. grisei
to all intercostal nerves
rr. vasculares
plexus aorticus thoracicus
rr. viscerales
nn. cardiaci thoracici
(plexus cardiacus spf., prof.)
rr. pulmonales (plexus pulmonalis)
rr. oesophagei (plexus oesophageus)
nn. splanchnici
n. splanchnicus major Th6-9 (pl. coeliacus)
n. splanchnicus minor Th10-11
(pl. coeliacus, pl. renalis)
n. splanchnicus imus Th12 (plexus renalis)
PARS ABDOMINALIS ET PELVINA PARTIS SYMPATICAE
rr. comm. grisei
to all spinal nerves from L, S
and Co segments
nn. splanchnici lumbales
(to plexus aorticus abdominalis)
nn. splanchnici sacrales
(to plexus hypogastricus)
PRAEVERTEBRAL PLEXUSES – THORAX
Plexus cardiacus spf., prof.
Plexus pulmonalis
Plexus aorticus thoracicus
Plexus oesophageus
Plexus aorticus abdominalis
Plexus coeliacus
(ggl coeliacum dx. sin.)
plexus gastrici
plexus lienalis
plexus hepaticus
plexus duodenalis
plexus pancreaticus
Plexus mesentericus superior
Plexus mesentericus inferior
Plexus renalis et suprarenalis
(plexus uretericus)
Plexus testicularis (ovaricus)
Plexus iliaci (plexus femoralis)
PRAEVERTEBRAL PLEXUSES – ABDOMINAL CAVITY
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PRAEVERTEBRAL PLEXUSES – PELVIS
Plexus hypogastricus superior
(n. praesacralis)
Plexus hypogastricus dx. a sin.
Plexus hypogastricus inf.
PLEXUS CERVICALIS
rami ventrales nervorum
spinalium C1 – C4 (C5)
THREE LOOPS (ansae)
Branches:
sensoric
motor
PLEXUS CERVICALIS – SENSORIC BRANCHES
Nervus occipitalis minor
Nervus auricularis magnus
ramus anterior
ramus posterior
Nervus transversus colli
(connected withr. colli n. VII
ansa cervicalis superf.)
Nervi supraclaviculares
mediales
intermedii
laterales
PLEXUS CERVICALIS – MOTOR BRANCHES
Rami musculares
Ansa cervicalis profunda
Nervus phrenicus
(less sensoric fibres)
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PLEXUS CERVICALIS – MOTOR BRANCHES
Rami musculares
mm. praevertebrales
mm. intervertebrales
mm. scaleni
partly:
m. sternocleidomastoideus
m. trapezius
ANSA CERVICALIS PROFUNDA
Radix superior ansae cervicalis prof.
(accompanies nervus XII.)
Radix inferior ansae cervicalis prof.
N.hypoglossus
m.thyrohyoideus
radix sup.radix inf.
m.geniohyoideus
m.omohyoideus
venter sup.m.omohyoideus
venter inf.
m.sternothyroideus
m.sternohyoideus
NERVUS PHRENICUS
rr. phrenici (motor.)
rr. pericardiaci (sen.)
rr. phrenicoabdominales (sen.)
m.obliquus ext.
Aponeurosis m.obliq.ext
Anulus inguinalis spf.
External layer
m.obliquus internus
et transversus abd.
m.cremaster
m.rectus abd.
m.rectus abd
m.rectus abd
Lig.inguinale
Lig.interfoveolare Falx inguinalis
Fossa inguinalis lateralis
with anulus inguinalis prof.
Fossa inginalis medialis
And projection of anulus inguin.spf.
Middle layer
Inner layer
Canalis inguinalis