MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA
Centrum jazykového vzdělávání na Lékařské fakultě
Angličtina 2
SAMPLE TEST
TIME LIMIT: 90 MINUTES
ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN IN THE ANSWER SHEET
LISTENING (TASKS 1 – 2) ______ points
TASK 1: (1 point per item; total: 5 points)
You will hear a recording about a new antiaging research. Answer the questions below using 1-3 words. You
will hear the recording twice:
1. What did the newly discovered compound reverse during the mice trial?
It reversed __________________________________________________
2. In which material did Professor Sinclair find a substance that could activate an aging
gene during his previous research?
in__________________________________________________________
3. How long did it take before the effects of the treatment could be observed in the mice
trial?
They were observed within_______________________________________
4. What does Professor compare the two chromosome sets to?
He compares it to ______________________________________________
5. How did the amount of NAD change during the mice trial?
It ____________________ by about________________________________ %
TASK 2: (1 point per item; total: 5 points)
You will hear a radio programme about asthma. For each item below, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
You will hear the recording twice:
6. Dr. Jordan Josephson
a. claims that asthma is a killer.
b. works for an ENT specialist.
c. wrote a book about sinus problems.
d. all of the above.
7. According to dr. Josephon, when people have asthma, they wheeze while
a. exercising.
b. walking.
c. having a sinus infection.
d. all of the above.
8. Which potential condition leading to asthma was NOT mentioned?
a. cold.
b. allergy.
c. acid reflux.
d. sinus problem.
9. According to Dr. Josephson, asthma will improve if it is
a. diagnosed early.
b. treated as a whole.
c. addressed immediately.
d. caused by an infection.
10. It was said that asthma is on the increase in cities because
a. people are not warned about the hazards.
b. people do not have money for the treatment.
c. of allergens and inflammants in buildings.
d. of smog and pollution from cars.
GRAMMAR &
VOCABULARY
(TASKS 3 – 5) ______ points
TASK 3: (1 point per item; total: 12 points)
For each sentence below, choose the best word (A, B, C or D) to complete it:
11. The smallest bone in human body is _____.
A. hammer B. incus C. ossicles D. stirrup
12. The examination during which the doctor taps the body and listen to the sounds
produced is called _______ .
A. palpation B. auscultation C. percussion D. surveillance
13. The _______ cavity contains the lungs, heart and other organs.
A. pelvic B. abdominal C. thoracic D. dorsal
14. His hand is covered by ________, he was badly burned.
A. scars B. moles C. bruises D. grafts
15. The baby’s cutting a _____. That’s why she’s crying all the time.
A. thumb B. tooth C. forehead D. tissue
16. All members of the family are ______ to vascular disease.
A. inherited B. predisposed C. disposed D. hereditary
17. She went into coma after a(n) ______ of heroin.
A. overeat B. overdose C. dosage D. dose
18. This bacterial ______ causes bloody diarrhoea and acute kidney failure.
A. strain B. stem C. swab D. slide
19. I had a severe toothache and my left face was badly _____.
A. rounded B. swollen C. injured D. wounded
20. The middle portion of the small intestine is called _____.
A. cecum B. duodenum C. spleen D. jejunum
21. His blind _____ is badly inflamed, he needs an immediate appendectomy.
A. intestine B. bowels C. belly D. gut
22. A vaginal _____ infection is a common condition caused by the fungus candida.
A. bacteria B. yeast C. stain D. cramp
TASK 4: (1 point per item; total: 6 points)
Complete each sentence with a word made from the word given in brackets. The word must be spelt correctly. Do
not form new words using –ing:
Examples: The nurse is very unreliable as she never fulfils her duties properly. (RELY)
The surgeons may replace your hip with an artificial one. (REPLACEMENT)
23. The main symptom of renal _____ is excessive level urea in the blood. (SUFFICIENT)
24. Retinal tear is an opening in retina that allows _________ of vitreous humour. (LEAK)
25. Spina bifida is an _________ defect. (BIRTH)
26. Only the vaccinated people remained __________ by the epidemics. (AFFECT)
27. __________ muscles cannot be consciously controlled. (VOLUNTEER)
28. The patient was given a _________ to a specialist. (REFER)
TASK 5: (1 point per item; total: 6 points)
Transform the following sentences and keep their meaning. Each gap contains 1-5 words.
Example: I was told that my condition was stable.
They told me that my condition was stable.
29. Has the paramedic immobilized the arm already?
_________________________________ by the paramedic already?
30. Patients should take final decisions about resuscitation.
Final decision about resuscitation ____________________________ patient.
31. He drank too much alcohol. He broke his leg on the way home.
If he _______________too much alcohol, he ____________ his leg on the way home.
32. The patient has a very high blood pressure. He was released from hospital.
The patient ______________________ very high was released from hospital.
33. The doctor said: “If you want, I can refer you to a specialist.”
The doctor offered _____________________________a specialist.
34. Not everyone has clean water to drink therefore there are many diseases.
If everyone _________ clean water to drink, there ______________ diseases.
READING (TASKS 6 – 8) ______ points
TASK 6: (1 point per item; total: 12 points)
Fill the gaps in the text with words that fit best. Each gap contains only one word. There is an example (0)
at the beginning.
Cardiovascular system
The (0)__MOST__ important muscle in the body is the heart. Without the heart and its cardiovascular
(circulatory) system, human life (35.) _________ not be possible. The heart is roughly the
(36.)_________ of a fist. It contracts (37.) _________ an average rate of 72 times per minute or nearly
38,000,000 times a year. These rhythmic contractions are called the pulse rate and can (38.) _________
felt in the radial artery of the wrist.
The human heart consists of four (39.) _________, which are unevenly big parts, two atria (or auricles)
and two (40.) _________ . Each is made (41.) _________ of several layers of cardiac muscle arranged in
circles and spirals.
The rest of the system consists of (42.) _________ (small arteries), venules, and capillaries, the smallest
of blood (43.) _________ . In total, (44.) _________ are more than 70,000 miles of them in the human
body.
The blood consists of plasma erythrocytes, leukocytes and (45.) ___________ (also known as
thrombocytes), whose function is to facilitate blood (46.) ___________.
TASK 7: (1 point per item; total: 6 points)
Read the following text about obsessive compulsive disorder and decide whether the following statements are true
(T) or false (F):
Brain pattern associated with genetic risk of OCD
Cambridge researchers have discovered that individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder and their
close family members have distinctive patterns in their cerebral structure. This is the first time that
scientists have associated an anatomical trait with familial risk for the disorder.
These new findings, recently reported in the journal Brain, could help predict whether individuals are at
risk of developing OCD and lead to more accurate diagnosis of the disorder.
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a prevalent illness that affects two percent of the population. OCD
patients suffer from obsessions (unwanted, recurrent thoughts, concerns with themes of contamination
and ‘germs’, the need to check household items in case of fire or burglary, the symmetrical order of
objects, or fears of harming oneself or others) as well as compulsions (repetitive behaviours related to the
obsessions such as washing and carrying out household safety checks). These symptoms can consume the
patient’s life causing severe distress, alienation, and anxiety.
OCD is known to run in families. However, the concrete set of genes underlying this inheritability and
exactly how genes contribute to the illness are unknown. Such genes may pose a risk for OCD by
influencing brain structure (e.g. the amount and location of grey matter in the brain) which in turn may
impact upon an individual’s ability to perform mental tasks.
In order to explore this idea, the researchers used cognitive and brain measures to determine whether
there are biological markers of genetic risk for developing OCD. Using magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), the Cambridge researchers captured pictures of OCD patient’s brains, as well as those of healthy
close relatives (a sibling, parent or a child) and a group of unrelated healthy people.
Participants also completed a computerized test that involved pressing a left or right button as quickly as
possible when arrows appeared. When a beep noise sounded, volunteer had to attempt to stop their
responses. This task objectively measured the ability to stop repetitive behaviours.
Both OCD patients and their close relatives fared worse on the computer tasks than the control group.
This was associated with the decreases of grey matter in brain regions important in supressing responses
and habits.
Lara Menzies, in the Brain mapping unit at the University of Cambridge, explains, ‘Impaired brain
function in the areas of the brain associated with stopping motor responses may contribute to the
compulsive and repetitive behaviours that are characteristic of OCD. The current diagnosis of OCD
available to psychiatrists is subjective and therefore the knowledge of the underlying causes may lead to
better diagnosis and ultimately improved clinical treatments.
47. A link in the brain structure was established between OCD sufferers and their relatives.
48. OCD affects a sizeable proportion of the population.
49. Fear of dirt is one of the obsession patient with OCD may suffer from.
50. OCD is hereditary.
51. In the Cambridge study, the only test subjects were OCD patients and their families.
52. The score of healthy relatives in the test performed was the same as in the normal population.
TASK 8: (1 point per item; total: 8 points)
Read the article about vaccination. For the items below, choose the correct sentence for each blank
space (A – J). There are two extra sentences that you will not need:
A. We in Australia have some of the best population data in the world on
vaccination outcomes in children.
B. I do recall later trips with my researcher father to his laboratory.
C. In fact, it was a coincidence.
D. The newly developed vaccination has prevented millions of deaths worldwide.
E. The benefits of all vaccination outweigh the very small risk of unwanted side
effects.
F. They aren’t frightened about whooping cough or polio.
G. But it’s a tragedy that it took an epidemic to prove that vaccination is protective.
H. These claim for instance that whooping cough vaccine causes brain damage.
I. This is a terrible disease as reflected in its other name, infantile paralysis.
J. As a result, the rate of vaccination dropped from 81% to 31% by 1979.
Vaccination
When I was an infant I had whooping cough and was ill for three months. I don’t
remember it, of course, but I know it was very distressing for my parents.
1.________He worked there on a vaccine for polio and to hospitals where infected
children my own age were on iron lungs. That was very distressing.
I mention this because today people don’t see such diseases. 2. ______
Some of them even fight for the right not to vaccinate their children. In contrast,
100% of parents in Western Australia had their children vaccinated against polio
when the vaccine was made available in 1956. Why? They were scared of their kids
getting polio. 3____
Because today’s parents don’t have first-hand experience with dangerous
infectious diseases they can be misled by myths about the supposed dangers of
childhood vaccination. 4. ______ Also the inoculation against the measles, mumps
and rubella (MMR) is believed to trigger autism.
There is no truth to any of these claims. 5.______ From reviewing these
surveys, it’s absolutely clear these myths are just that, myths.
The whooping cough myth started in the 1974 in the United Kingdom when
some parents claimed that after being vaccinated their children were diagnosed with
neurological disorders, what they called “brain damage”. 6._____ The first signs a
child has a genetic or other brain disorder occur about six months of age. The
vaccine is given at two, three and four months, hence the incorrect assumption that
the latter caused the former.
I was a student in the UK at the time. It was disastrous that the medical and
epidemiological professions didn’t respond after the kids were shown on television
with the claims of vaccine caused brain injury. The government paid compensation,
reinforcing the false vaccination-brain damage association. 7._____ In one year, 21
children died and thousands were hospitalised with severe pneumonia and, sadly,
brain damage from the infection.
The fear of the disease influenced British parents to vaccinate again and
immunisation rates went back up and disease incidence went down. 8.____ This
was later clearly demonstrated by several major studies which showed that
whooping cough vaccines were protective against brain damage and rather than
causing it.
KEY 11A
TASK1
1 muscle aging
2 (red) wine
3 a/one week
4 married couple, marriage after 20 years
5 decreased (went down, and other words meaning “to
decrease”) by 50 %, 50 percent
TASK 2
6 C
7 D
8 A
9 B
10 C
TASK 3
11 D
12 C
13 C
14 A
15 B
16 B
17 B
18 A
19 B
20 D
21 D
22 B
TASK 4
23 insufficiency
24 leakage
25 inborn
26 unaffected
27 involuntary
28 referral
TASK 5
29 Has the arm been immobilized
30 should be taken
31 hadn’t drunk, wouldn’t have broken
32 whose blood pressure was
33 to refer me/the patient (or similar) to a specialist
34 had, would be less
TASK 6
35 would
36 size, shape
37 at
38 be
39 chambers
40 ventricles
41 up
42 arterioles
43 vessels
44 there
45 platelets
46 clotting
TASK 7
47 T
48 F
49 T
50 T
51 F
52 F
TASK 8
53 B
54 F
55 I
56 H
57 A
58 C
59 J
60 G