IIIRD DECLENSION : CONSONANT STEMS
Basic medical terminology 6


Specific features of the 3rd declension
—All 3 genders are included (cortex m., radix f., femur n.)
—Genitive ending: -is
—Nom. Sg. – various endings (sanguis, excisio, abductor, rete, latus, femur, abdomen, cavitas)
¡!NOMINATIVE form is NOT interconnected with the GENDER! Words must be carefully memorized!
—Two main groups:
¡nominative and genitive stem differs (genitive is longer than nominative) Consonant stems
¡nominative and genitive stem remains unchanged (genitive has same number of syllables as
nominative)
¡I- stems  + exceptions
¡
—

Specific features of the 3rd declension
-Consonant stems
—
—Stem in gen. sg. and nom sg. usually differs
¡pulm-o//pulmon-is
¡fem-ur//femor-is
¡ rad-ix//radic-is
—
—For the proper inflection the GENITIVE form is NECESSARY to know
—
—
—
1. pulm-o
2. pulmon-is
4. pulmon-em
6. pulmon-e

Declension paradigms
Consonant
I-stems
EXCEPTIONS
DOLOR
CORPUS
PELVIS
RETE
DOSIS, FEBRIS
 M. + F.
N.
M. + F.
N.
F.

DOLOR
Sg.
Pl.
nom.
dolor
dolor-es
gen.
dolor-is
dolor-um
ak.
dolor-em
dolor-es
abl.
dolor-e
dolor-ibus

CORPUS
Sg.
Pl.
nom.
corpus
corpor-a
gen.
corpor-is
corpor-um
ak.
corpus
corpor-a
abl.
corpor-e
corpor-ibus

KOncovky do prezentácií.png
Latin and Greek declensions


EXCEPTIONS
1.os, ossis n. bone → gen. pl.–ium
2.vas, vasis, n. vessel
1.In sg. follows paradigm  CORPUS               vas-vasis-vas-vase
2.In pl. follows paradigm CEREBRUM          vasa-vasorum-vasa-vasis
3.GREEK NOUNS  typical endings
1.-itis//-itidis → inflammation
2.-(o)ma//-(o)matis →  tumour diseases/swellings
÷

Connection with the adjective
—F M N
—SG.
—1. cavitas magna dolor magnus foramen magnum
—2. cavitatis magnae doloris magni foraminis magni
—4. (in) cavitatem magnam dolorem magnum foramen magnum
—6. (in) cavitate magna dolore magno foramine magno
—
—PL.
—1. cavitates magnae dolores magni foramina magna
—2. cavitatum magnarum dolorum magnorum foraminum magnorum
—4. (in) cavitates magnas dolores magnos foramina magna
—6. (in) cavitatibus magnis doloribus magnis foraminibus magnis

Write down stems
—Abdomen
—Dolor
—Latus
—Abductor
—Encephalitis
—Lien
—Amputatio
—Excisio
—Luxatio
—Apex
—Extensor
—Margo
—
—
Nom. Sg.             Gen. sg.                           Stem
•Abdominis
•
•Doloris
•Lateris
•
•Abductoris
•Encephalitidis
•Lienis
•
•Amputationis
•Excisionis
•
•Luxationis
•
•Apicis
•
•Extensoris
•
•Marginis
•
•
•Abdomin-
•
•Dolor-
•Later-
•
•Abductor-
•Encephalitid-
•Lien-
•
•Amputation-
•Excision-
•
•Luxation-
•
•Apic-
•
•Extensor-
•
•Margin-
•
•

Assign nouns to paradimgs
vena
systole
nervus
septum
dolor
corpus
•  musculus  • vulnus •  ulcus  •  digitus • albus •
• cavitas  • vas •  arterias • diarrhoas •
• ligamenta • aqua  • crura • symptoma
• tumor • ren  •  abdomen •  systolen • apex • cortex
• luxatio  • ostio • os  • radios •  cor

What is a nominative form of these nouns?
Ex.: Injectionis >  Injectio, feminine, DOLOR


Change into nominative plural:
—Femur
—Mater
—Flos
—Foramen
—Oedema
—Apex
—Caput
—Melanoma
—Cartilago
—Injectio
—
•Femora
•Matres
•Flores
•Foramina
•Oedemata
•Apices
•Capita
•Melanomata
•Cartilagines
•Injectiones

Connect nouns to name structures:
—Cavitas
—
1.Cranii
2.Thoracis
3.Abdominis
4.Laryngis
5.Nasi
6.Oris
7.Pharyngis
8.Uteri
Cervix
1.Uteri
2.Vesicae
urinariae
Caput
1.Costae
2.Femoris
3.Fibulae
4.Humeri
5.Mandibulae
6.Phalangis
7.Radii
8.Ulnae
Regio
1.Brachii
2.Capitis
3.Carpi
4.Cervicis
5.Coxae
6.Cruris
7.Dorsi
8.Femoris
9.Pedis
Corpus
1.Linguae
2.Phalangis
3.Sterni
4.Tali
5.Tibiae
6.Uteri
7.Ossis metacarpi
8.Ossis metatarsi
9.Coccygis

Assign adjectives to nouns
—tumor• corpus• medicamentum•pes • os• foramen• diameter• vulnus
Benignus
Malignus
Novus
Humanum
Osseum
Adiposum
Alienum
Novum
Bonum
Humanus
Sinister
dexter
Longum
sacrum
Nutricium
Medium
Obliqua
Scissum
Sclopetarium
Contusum
Sectum
Punctum

Find Greek and Latin synonyms
16
—ENGLISH LATIN GREEK
—_____________ ___________ soma
—_____________ os, oris _____________
—kidney _____________ _____________
—_____________ _____________ colon
—brain _____________ _____________
—_____________ organum _____________
—_____________ _____________ hepar
—stitch _____________ _____________
—_____________ vulnus __________
intestinum crassum
cerebrum
organon
r(h)aphe
nephros
encephalon
sutura
organ
large intestine
ren
liver
iecur
injury, wound
trauma
mouth
stoma
body
corpus

Add loose attributes
—Cavitas + septum nasi
—Operatio + cervix uteri
—Corpus + vertebra thoracica
—Fractura + os sacrum
—Luxatio + crus
—Morbus infectiosus + abdomen
—Dolor acutus + caput
•Cavitas septi nasi
•Operatio cervicis uteri
•Corpus vertebrae thoracicae
•Fractura ossis sacri
•Luxatio cruris
•Morbus infectiosus abdominis
•Dolor acutus capitis

Change for nominative plural
—sphincter
—foramen nutricium
—dolor chronicus
—vas longum
—musculus adductor
—femur fractum
—cartilago thyreoidea
—vulnus punctum
—sphincteres
—foramina nutricia
—dolores chronici
—vasa longa
—musculi adductores
—femora fracta
—cartilagines thyreoideae
—vulnera puncta

Specific features of the 3rd declension
-Latin I-stems
—Masculine and feminine nouns
¡have the same numbers of syllables in the nominative and the genitive singular:
÷ca-na-lis, ca-na-lis
÷pel-vis, pel-vis
÷pu-bes, pu-bis
¡a group of consonants is preceding the genitive ending -is
¡ (i.e. the stem ends in a group of consonants)
÷pars, part-is
÷dens, dent-is
÷
—Neutral nouns
¡words ending in nom. sg. in -e, -al or –ar
¡only few words: animal, alis, n., calcar, aris, n., cochlear, aris, n., rete, is, n.
—
—
—

Declension paradigms
Consonant
I-stems
EXCEPTIONS
DOLOR
CORPUS
PELVIS
RETE
DOSIS, FEBRIS
 M. + F.
N.
M. + F.
N.
F.

PELVIS
Sg.
Pl.
nom.
pelvis
pelv-es
gen.
pelv-is
pelv-ium
ak.
pelv-em
pelv-es
abl.
pelv-e
pelv-ibus
I-STEM MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER NOUNS

ENDINGS PHOTO.png



—
ENDINGS PHOTO.png
The difference between paradigms
PELVIS and DOLOR

The difference between paradigms
PELVIS and DOLOR
Sg.
Pl.
nom.
pelvis
pelv-es
gen.
pelv-is
pelv-ium
ak.
pelv-em
pelv-es
abl.
pelv-e
pelv-ibus
Sg.
Pl.
nom.
dolor
dolor-es
gen.
dolor-is
dolor-um
ak.
dolor-em
dolor-es
abl.
dolor-e
dolor-ibus
—I-STEM MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER NOUNS
CONSONANT-STEM MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER NOUNS

RETE
Sg.
Pl.
nom.
rete
ret-ia
gen.
ret-is
ret-ium
ak.
rete
ret-ia
abl.
ret-i
ret-ibus
I-STEM NEUTRAL GENDER NOUNS

ENDINGS PHOTO.png
NEUTRAL GENDER NOUNS


DOSIS
Sg.
Pl.
nom.
dosis
dos-es
gen.
dos-is / -eos
dos-ium
ak.
dos-im / -in
dos-es
abl.
dos-i
dos-ibus
•Only feminine nouns decline according to paradigm dosis
•These words are mostly of Greek origin
•in nominative singular they end in -sis, -xis, -osis
•and the genitive singular is the same
Some Latin words are declined according to dosis, but they do not have Greek endings:
febris, is, f, tussis, is, f., pertussis, is, f., sitis, is, f., tuberculosis, is, f.

Write down the stem
and guess the paradigm word
—os, ossis, n.
—cutis, is, f.
—mors, tis, f.
—pulmo, onis, f.
—trauma, atis, n.
—basis, is /eos, f.
—animal, alis, n.
—latus, eris, n.
—tussis, is, f.
—pubes, is, f.
oss-
cut-
mort-
pulmon-
traumat-
bas-
animal-
later-
tuss-
pub-
~corpus
~pelvis
~pelvis
~dolor
~corpus
~dosis
~rete
~corpus
~dosis
~auris