Splanchnocranium LECTURE 5 DENTISTRY AUTUMN 2015 RNDr. Michaela Račanská, Ph.D. Splanchnocranium Maxilla Os nasale Os lacrimale Os zygomaticum Vomer Os palatinum Concha nasalis inferior Mandibula Os hyoideum Scan0102 Maxilla Corpus maxillae Facies anterior Facies nasalis Facies orbitalis Facies infratemporalis Processus maxillae Processus frontalis Processus zygomaticus Processus alveolaris Processus palatinus Corpus maxillae Facies orbitalis margo infraorbitalis sulcus infraorbitalis canalis infraorbitalis (canales alveolares) Facies anterior foramen infraorbitale fossa canina incisura nasalis spina nasalis anterior Facies infratemporalis Facies nasalis sinus maxillaris hiatus maxillaris (antrum Highmori) crista infrazygomatica tuber maxillae foramina et canales alveolares Processus frontalis maxillae Incisura nasalis (apertura piriformis) Crista lacrimalis anterior Crista ethmoidalis Crista conchalis Processus zygomaticus maxillae Processus palatinus maxillae Os incisivum (praemaxilla) Foramen incisivum Canalis incisivus Crista nasalis Torus palatinus Arcus alveolaris Alveoli dentales Juga alveolaria Septa interalveolaria Septa intraalveolaria Processus alveolaris maxillae os nasale_NEW os nasale dx Os nasale Sulcus ethmoidalis Crista lacrimalis posterior Sulcus lacrimalis Fossa sacci lacrimalis Canalis nasolacrimalis Hamulus lacrimalis Scan0017 Os lacrimale os lacrimale_NEW os lacrimale detail NEW Scan0104 Os zygomaticum Corpus Facies lateralis - foramen zygomaticofaciale Facies orbitalis - foramen zygomaticoorbitale Facies temporalis - foramen zygomaticotemporale Processus maxillaris, frontalis, zygomaticus Arcus zygomaticus Os zygomaticum bipartitum (os japonicum) – sutura (mostly horizontal one). Vomer Alae vomeris (rostrum ossis sphenoidalis) vomer_NEW Os palatinum os palatinum_NEW Lamina horizontalis Spina nasalis posterior Crista nasalis Foramen palatinum majus Processus pyramidalis Foramina palatina minora Lamina perpendicularis Crista conchalis Crista ethmoidalis Processus orbitalis et sphenoidalis Incisura (foramen) sphenopalatinum Sulcus palatinus major (pterygopalatinus) Processus maxillaris Processus lacrimalis Processus ethmoidalis Concha nasalis inferior Corpus mandibulae (basis mandibulae) Ramus mandibulae dx. et sin. Angulus mandibulae dx. et sin. Mandibula Corpus mandibulae Fossa digastrica Spina mentalis (sup. et inf.) Linea mylohyoidea Fovea sublinqualis Fovea submandibularis Crista buccinatoria Trigonum retromolare Tuberculum mentale Protuberantia mentalis Foramen mentale Linea obliqua (trigonum retromolare) Pars alveolaris Alveoli dentales, juga alveolaria Septa interalveolaria, intraalveolaria Corpus mandibulae Processus condylaris Caput mandibulae Collum mandibulae Fovea pterygoidea Processus coronoideus Incisura mandibulae Foramen mandibulae Canalis mandibulae Lingula mandibulae Sulcus mylohyoideus Ramus mandibulae Tuberositas masseterica Tuberositas pterygoidea Angulus mandibulae (120o-125o) Mandible of the newborn Mandible of an senilis Corpus ossis hyoidei Cornua minora ossis hyoidei Cornua majora ossis hyoidei sejmout Os hyoideum sejmout Skull cavities LECTURE 6 DENTISTRY AUTUMN 2015 RNDr. Michaela Račanská, Ph.D. Calvaria Basis cranii frons, vertex, occiput sutura sagittalis, coronalis, lambdoidea, squamosa tubera frontalia, parietalia linea temporalis superior et inferior, foramina parietalia Calvaria impressiones gyrorum juga cerebralia foveolae granulares sulci arteriosi sulcus sinus sagitalis superior sulcus sinus transversi Basis cranii interna Basis cranii externa Basis interna cranii Fossa cranii anterior Fossa cranii media Fossa cranii posterior BASIS CRANII INTERNA BASIS CRANII EXTERNA Fossa cranii anterior Fossa cranii media Fossa cranii posterior FOSSAE CRANII FOSSA TEMPORALIS FOSSA INFRATEMPORALIS FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA ORBITA CAVITAS NASI OSSEA CAVUM ORIS Fossa temporalis Medial wall linea temporalis superior (os frontale, os parietale) facies temporalis alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis pars squamosa ossis temporalis Ventral wall facies temporalis ossis zygomatici (processus frontalis) processus zygomaticus ossis frontalis Lateral wall arcus zygomaticus crista infratemporalis Content m. temporalis + nerves + vessels Conections orbita fissura orbitalis inferior fossa infratemporalis Fossa infratemporalis Roof Crista infratemporalis Facies infratemporalis alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis Medial wall Lamina lateralis processus pterygoidei Lateral wall Ramus mandibulae Ventral wall Facies infratemporalis corporis maxillae (tuber maxillae) Content mm. pterygoidei + nerves + vessels Openings foramen ovale foramen spinosum foramen mandibulare fissura orbitalis inferior Roof Facies maxillaris alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis Medial wall Lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini Ventral wall tuber maxillae Dorsal wall Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis Content Vessels and nerves (ganglion pterygopalatinum) Fossa pterygopalatina Scan0007 Fossa pterygopalatina – openings and communications foramen rotundum fossa cranii media canalis palatinus major cavum oris fissura orbitalis inferior orbita foramen sphenopalatinum cavum nasi osseum canalis pterygoideus basis cranii externa Fossa pterygopalatina 500px-Fossapterygopalatina Aditus orbitae (base) margo supraorbitalis, infraorbitalis Apex Canalis opticus Roof pars orbitalis ossis frontalis ala minor ossis sphenoidalis (fovea trochlearis, fossa glandulae lacrimalis) Orbita Floor facies orbitalis corporis maxillae (sulcus & canalis infraorbitalis) facies orbitalis ossis zygomatici processus orbitalis ossis palatini Lateral wall facies orbitalis ossis zygomatici facies orbitalis alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis openings: fissura orbitalis superior fissura orbitalis inferior foramen zygomaticoorbitale Medial wall processus frontalis maxillae os lacrimale lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis (fossa sacci lacrimalis) ala minor ossis sphenoidalis openings: foramen ethmoidale anterius foramen ethmoidale posterius Apertura piriformis Choanae Cavitas nasi ossea Roof Floor (palatum durum) Medial wall (septum nasi) Lateral wall (3 layers) Roof: ossa nasalia, pars nasalis ossis frontalis, lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis, corpus ossis sphenoidalis Floor: (palatum durum) processus palatini maxilae lamina horizontalis ossis palatini (os incisivum) Strop nosní dutiny Medial wall (septum nasi) lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis vomer Lateral wall Middle layer os lacrimale lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini Lateral layer processus frontalis maxillae corpus maxillae lamina medialis processus pterygoidei Medial layer concha nasalis inferior labyrinthus ethmoidalis (concha nasalis superior et media, bulla ethmoidalis, processus uncinatus) sinus_paranasales_ant Meatus nasi: Meatus nasi superior: -Above concha nasalis media celullae ethmoidales posteriores sinus sphenoidalis Meatus nasi medius: -between concha nasalis media and concha nasalis inferior sinus frontalis sinus maxillaris celullae ethmoid. ant. et med Meatus nasi inferior: -bellow concha nasalis inferior sinus_paranasales_sag Meatus nasi communis: -Between margines of conchae and septal part Meatus nasopharyngeus -Behind posterior margines of conchae and choanas Cavum oris osseum arcus dentalis sup Roof (palatum durum) processus palatinus maxillae os incisuvum lamina horizontalis ossis palatini Lateral and anterior walls processus alveolares maxillae and mandibulae Floor– Muscles!!!!!!! 02 03 X-ray of the head 02 Head axial projection sagittal suture lambdoid suture frontal sinus ethmoidal air cells nasal septum mastoid air cells maxillary sinus superior orbital fissure angle of mandible zygomatic arch cribriform plate superior border of petrous bone ramus of mandible maxilla inferior nasal concha right orbit fronto-zygom. suture mandibular canal mastoid process roof of right orbit nasal septum nasal aperture supraorbital margin tooth 03 Head lateral projection frontal sinus palatine process of maxilla maxillary sinus sphenoid sinus hypoglossal fossa external/internal acoustic meatus coronal suture lambdoid suture nasal bone body of mandible mandibular canal condylar process angle of mandible ramus of mandible ant. nasal spine dorsum sellae C2 compact bone (lamina ext. et int.) spongy bone (diploe) petrosal bone Newborn skull Neurocranium : Splanchnocranium 8 : 1 Newborn skull • capacity 370 ccm • circumference 34 cm • length 11-12 cm, width 9-10 cm • big neurocranium • fonticuli (major, minor, sphenoidalis, mastoideus) • low splanchnocranium • without processus alveolares (maxillae et mandibulae) • without paranasal sinuses • sutura frontalis • anulus tympanicus • symphysis menti • mandibular angle 150 - 170o Scan0006 Gender differences of the skull glabella, arcus superciliares tubera frontalia and parietalia processus mastoideus protuberantia occipitalis externa (regio nuchae) protuberantia mentalis tuberositas masseterica processus alveolares The pictures used in this lecture were taken from following sources: Putz, R. (2008): Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books. Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley (2005): Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Williams and Wilkins. Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992): Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 4th edition. Čihák, R. (1987): Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické nakladatelství. Netter, F. H. (1997): Interactive Atlas of Clinical Anatomy. Novartis, USA.