Key: Digestive system disorders Answer the questions: What are cavities and how can we treat them? What is a gastric ulcer? What are the symptoms of cirrhosis? How large can a gallstone be? Find equivalents for the words in the reading “Digestive system”: large intestine, stools, sphincter, appendix, masticate, carbohydrates, oesophagus, deglutition, trachea Key large intestine - colon stool - faeces sphincter - muscular ring appendix - blind gut masticate - chew carbohydrates - starches oesophagus - gullet deglutition - swallowing trachea - windpipe Match the words with their definition: pulp a) dental carries chill b) to clean, purify fatigue c) being tired, exhausted enamel d) to expel stomach gas noisily through the mouth binge eating e) the feeling of being sick, sometimes involves vomiting to purge f) likely to suffer from a particular illness laxatives g) a part of a tooth that is disrupted before dental caries arise pus h) belly button to irritate i) to hurt a part of your body, making it painful, red, or swollen to burst j) a thick yellow liquid that forms in flesh that has an infection cavities k) “to explode” susceptible to l) attractive and interesting, pleasant nausea m) pills that stimulate bowel movements appealing n) runny (liquid) faeces heartburn o) the inside of a tooth to belch p) eating too much at once, usually junk food diarrhoea q) a feeling of cold, with shivering navel r) a type of indigestion, the burning sensation eases by eating baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) Key pulp the inside of a tooth chill a feeling of cold, with shivering fatigue being tired, exhausted enamel a part of a tooth that is disrupted before dental caries arise binge eating eating too much at once, usually junk food to purge to clean, purify laxatives pills that stimulate bowel movements pus a thick yellow liquid that forms in flesh that has an infection to irritate to hurt a part of your body, making it painful, red, or swollen to burst “to explode” cavities dental carries susceptible to likely to suffer from a particular illness nausea the feeling of being sick, sometimes involves vomiting appealing attractive and interesting, pleasant heartburn a type of indigestion, the burning sensation eases by eating baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) to belch to expel stomach gas noisily through the mouth diarrhoea runny (liquid) faeces navel belly button Complete the correct preposition As an individual ages, body systems became susceptible to disease. This eating disorder occurs chiefly in women. Tooth decay results from the action of bacteria that live in the plague. Before 1980’s, it was believed that ulcers were caused by several factors which resulted in excess stomach acid. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of nutrients. Diabetes mellitus patients break down stored fat for energy with difficulty. The condition of developing gallstones tends to run in families. The sores are generally referred to as peptic ulcers. Duodenal ulcers account for about 80 % of all digestive ulcers. Complete the text with a word made from the word given in brackets. See the reading + check pronunciation of the words e.g. on http://www.howjsay.com/ Diabetes What do you know about diabetes, its symptoms and treatment? Do you know anyone with diabetes? Listening. Listen to the talk on diabetes and answer the questions. 6%; energy and growth; level of sugar/glucose; thirsty; obesity; the immune system; juvenile; women with personal or family history of diabetes or those of non-Caucasian origin stomach ache moody tired regular meals thirsty diabetic pen blurred vision loss of weight going to the toilet a lot headache good food regular activity medication syringe feeling unwell Passive 1. Antibodies are made by lymphocytes. 2. The disinfection schedule will be followed tomorrow. 3. All operations have been cancelled because of an MRSA outbreak. (MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections. If acquired in hospital HA-MRSA (hospital acquired) 4. His condition has been improved by antibiotics. 5. Millions will probably be killed by the epidemic. 1. The report must be written by the nurse on duty. 2. The growth of micro-organisms has to be limited. 3. The soap dispensers should be cleaned every day. 4. Alcohol hand-rub must be used between patient contacts. 5. Common towels must never be used. 3. Complete with wherever possible, otherwise by: The patient was hit by a car. During the robbery, an old lady was hit with a baseball bat. The window was broken with a stone. Several buildings were damaged by the hurricane. The patient was cured by the new medication. We use with for objects which perform an action, the object is used deliberately for a purpose. We use by for persons or for objects to show that the action carried out was accidental. 4. Rewrite the sentences so that you start with the words given. The patient with gastritis is being looked after. The policemen were shot at. Your blood sample was carried away by the nurse. Jane was made to write the test again. The doctors were made to work 20 hours shifts. 5. Transform these sentences with the respective form of the verb “to have” and do not use the underlined words. I have my blood measured twice a day. I can’t talk to you now, I am having my tooth taken out/removed. Karin has her nose altered. He had his appendix removed. Tim had his nose broken while… For more on passives look at xBasic passive and x Advanced passive